* 2002 – The UN Security Council unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda, and the remaining members of the Taliban.

* 1941 – World War II: temperatures around Moscow drop to-12 ° C as the Soviet Union launches ski troops for the first time against the freezing German forces near the city.

* 1979 – Iran hostage crisis: US President Jimmy Carter issues Executive order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States in response to the hostage crisis.

Weathering has also given rise to circular " rock basins '" formed by the accumulation of water and the repeated freezing and thawing – a fine example is to be found at Kes Tor on Dartmoor.

Winters can be very cold, with temperatures rarely reaching above freezing – temperatures below negative 25 degrees Celsius (− 13 ° F ) are not unheard-of in January and February.

* November 12 – WWII: As Battle of Moscow begins, temperatures around Moscow drop to-12 ° C, and the Soviet Union launches ski troops for the first time against the freezing German forces near the city.

* January 31 – WWI: Germany's first large-scale use of poison gas as a weapon occurs when 18, 000 artillery shells containing liquid xylyl bromide tear gas are fired on the Imperial Russian Army on the Rawka River west of Warsaw during the Battle of Bolimov ; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.

* November 14 – Iran hostage crisis: U. S. President Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States and U. S. banks in response to the hostage crisis.

* August 9 – Russian Empress Catherine II issues a decree authorizing the new way to produce vodka ( by freezing ).

With all the important work he accomplished in physics – the enunciation of Boyle's law, the discovery of the part taken by air in the propagation of sound, and investigations on the expansive force of freezing water, on specific gravities and refractive powers, on crystals, on electricity, on colour, on hydrostatics, etc.

Madison, along with the rest of the state, has a humid continental climate ( Köppen: Dfb / Dfa ), characterized by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance: winter temperatures can be well below freezing, with moderate to occasionally heavy snowfall ; high temperatures in summer average in the lower 80s ° F ( 27 – 28 ° C ), reaching on an average 12 days per year, often accompanied by high humidity levels.

* c. 1850 – Michael Faraday makes a hypothesis that freezing substances increases their dielectric constant.

It does not survive in the environment for more than a few hours at room temperature ( 20 – 25 ° C ), but can survive for a few weeks in shady environments at temperatures slightly above freezing.

Later research by Robin Bell and Michael Studinger from the Lamont – Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University suggested that the water of the lake is continually freezing and being carried away by the motion of the Antarctic ice sheet, while being replaced by water melting from other parts of the ice sheet in these high pressure conditions.

For most substances, the melting and freezing points are the same temperature ; however, certain substances possess differing solid – liquid transition temperatures.

Since then machines that freeze biological samples using programmable steps, or controlled rates, have been used all over the world for human, animal and cell biology – ' freezing down ' a sample to better preserve it for eventual thawing, before it is deep frozen, or cryopreserved, in liquid nitrogen.

Constitutional supercooling occurs during solidification, is due to compositional changes, and results in cooling a liquid below the freezing point ahead of the solid – liquid interface.

Samples are prepared for fixation through the first method by deep freezing, while the second method works best following 4 – 6 weeks of preparation in a formaldehyde mixture.

Greece became the tenth member of the EEC on 1 January 1981 three years earlier than the original protocol envisioned and despite the freezing of the treaty of accession during the junta ( 1967 – 1974 ).

During the cold stabilizing process after fermentation, the temperature of the wine is dropped to close to freezing for 1 – 2 weeks.

Therefore, cool storage ( above freezing ) is more common and less costly, which requires that the temperature is consistently between with 30 – 40 % relative humidity with special attention to dew point to eliminate concerns for condensation.

Extremely poor harvests were encountered in 1601 – 1603, with nighttime temperatures in all summer months often below freezing, wrecking crops ; see Russian famine of 1601 – 1603.

Castro, who initially declared himself as a non-socialist, initiated a program of agrarian reforms and nationalizations in May 1959, which alienated the Eisenhower administration ( 1953 – 1961 ) and resulted in the United States breaking of diplomatic relations, freezing Cuban assets in the United States and placing an embargo on the nation in 1960.

It uses a 1 – 70 numbering scale, where 70 represents a perfect specimen and 1 represents a barely identifiable coin.

* Embedding, materials – after embedding in resin, the specimen is usually ground and polished to a mirror-like finish using ultra-fine abrasives.

* Sectioning – produces thin slices of specimen, semitransparent to electrons.

* Ducher, William ( 1894 ): The Labrador Duck – another specimen, with additional data respecting extant specimens.

Polychaetes occur throughout the Earth's oceans at all depths, from forms that live as plankton near the surface, to a 2 – 3 cm specimen ( still unclassified ) observed by the robot ocean probe Nereus at the bottom of the Challenger Deep, the deepest spot in the Earth's oceans.

The specimen took three years to complete – ten times longer than it takes to prepare a human body.

Sediment cytology – Here, the sample is collected from the fixative that was used for processing the biopsy or autopsy specimen.

* Tor remadevi, NATP report, 2004 uncertain – only one specimen found

* Tor moyarensis, NATP report, 2004 uncertain – only one specimen found

A neotenic axolotl will live an average of 10 – 15 years ( though an individual in Paris is credited with achieving 25 years ), while a metamorphosed specimen will scarcely live past the age of five.

In a specimen described by Livezey ( 1949 ) from Walker County, Texas, 11 of 17 crossbands were not joined middorsally, while on one side three of the crossbands were fused together longitudinally to form a continuous undulating band, surmounted above by a dark stripe that was 2 – 2. 5 scales wide.

Ausia fenestrata is a curious Ediacaran period ( 630 – 542 million years ago ) fossil represented by only one specimen 5 cm long from the Nama Group of Namibia and it has similarity to Burykhia from Ediacaran ( Vendian ) siliciclastic sediments exposed on the Syuzma River of northern Russia.

During a three-year search conducted from 2006 – 2008 a research team from the Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science in Jingzhou failed to find even one specimen.

A total of seven skins surfaced over the following decades, but not until 1992 was a living specimen trapped on the Sarawak – Indonesian border and brought to the Sarawak Museum, on the verge of death.

The caracal first became known to Western science from a German naturalist, Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber ( 1739 – 1810 ), who illustrated and described a specimen from Table Mountain in Cape Town in 1776.

* Literary Anecdotes of the 19th Century, edited by Sir W Robertson Nicoll and TJ Wise ( 2 vols., London, 1895 – 1896 ), containing a number of Wade's sonnets, a specimen of his Dante translation and a reprint of two of his verse pamphlets

The Cockatiel's lifespan in captivity is generally given as 15 – 20 years, though it is sometimes given as short as 10 – 15 years, and there are reports of Cockatiels living as long as 32 years, the oldest confirmed specimen reported being 36 years old.

Eugène Dubois ' ( 1858 – 1940 ) discovery in 1891 in Indonesia of the " Java Man ", the first specimen of Homo erectus to be discovered, demonstrated mankind's deep ancestry outside Europe.

This was apparently based on a stuffed specimen then in Prague ; a walghvogel described as having a " dirty off-white colouring " was mentioned in an inventory of specimens in the Prague collection of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II to whom Savery was contracted at the time ( 1607 – 1611 ).

file: Morpho_didius_Male_Ventre_MHNT. jpg | Morpho didius – Ventral side – Museum specimen Predatory birds aim attack at the most prominent feature, the ocelli, missing the body entirely.

file: Morpho rhetenor 1. jpg | Morpho rhetenor – Museum specimen used for education. But thousands are killed for domestic displays sold to tourists or in gift shops.

* 1991 – First new species described without a skin as a type specimen.