On 15 September 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway was opened, the first inter-city railway in the world and was attended by Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington.

The proposal – backed by William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire, Richard Arkwright junior, and several Manchester bankers – was ambitious ; it was expected that steam locomotives would be used on the line, even though the technology was in its infancy and George Stephenson did not build his revolutionary Rocket until 1829.

Charles Edward Montagu, the 4th Earl who was created 1st Duke of Manchester in 1719, had many works of reconstruction carried out between 1690 and 1720.

The castle was used by the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War II, and the 10th Duke of Manchester sold the castle to Kimbolton School in 1950.

Montague Township was supposedly named after the George Montagu, 4th Duke of Manchester, as suggested by King George II, who approved the royal patent on March 26, 1759.

Manchester Township, deriving its name from the English Duke of Manchester, was laid out in 1742 by Thomas Cookson, a representative of the Lancaster County Courts, because at that time York County was a part of Lancaster County.

* William Angus Drogo Montagu, 9th Duke of Manchester, politician

Brindley's reputation brought him to the attention of the 3rd Duke of Bridgewater who was looking for a way to improve the transport of coal from his coal mines at Worsley to Manchester.

Lord Derby married Alice Montagu daughter of William Drogo Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester.

The somewhat subdued party proceeded to Manchester, where, the Duke being deeply unpopular with the weavers and mill workers, they were given a lively reception ( bricks thrown, etc.

In the mid-eighteenth century the 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, who owned a number of coal mines in northern England, wanted a reliable way to transport his coal to the rapidly industrialising city of Manchester.

In May, with help from George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Montagu was elevated to the House of Lords, receiving his father's barony of Kimbolton and being styled Viscount Mandeville as a courtesy title, since his father had been created earl of Manchester in February when Parliament convened.

As a boy, Novello was a chorister at the Sardinian chapel in Duke Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, where he learnt the organ ; and from 1796 to 1822 he became in succession organist of the Sardinian, Spanish ( in Manchester Square ) and Portuguese ( in South Street, Grosvenor Square ) chapels, and from 1840 to 1843 of St Mary's chapel, Moorfields.

He was married at Christ Church, Mayfair, on 16 August 1892, at the age of 59, to Louisa Frederica Augusta von Alten, widow of the late William Drogo Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester.

* Charles Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester ( c. 1656 – 1722 )

Her Spanish name was in honor of her godmother, Maria Consuelo Iznaga Clement ( 1858 – 1909 ), a half-Cuban, half-American socialite who created a social stir a year earlier when she married the fortune-hunting George Montagu, Viscount Mandeville, a union of Old World and New World that caused the groom's father, the 7th Duke of Manchester, to openly wonder if his son and heir had married a " Red Indian.

While attending the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, on the 15th September 1830, Huskisson rode down the line in the same train as the Duke of Wellington.

Eventually they arrived at Liverpool Road railway station in Manchester to be met by a hostile crowd, who waved banners and flags against the Duke and pelted him with vegetables.

Wentworth named Manchester for Robert Montagu, 3rd Duke of Manchester.

* John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll ( 1845 – 1914 ), Scottish MP for Argyllshire 1868 – 1878 and Manchester South, Governor General of Canada

It was commissioned by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, to transport coal from his mines in Worsley to Manchester.

The current most senior living descendant of the Electress Sophia who is ineligible to succeed due to the act is George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, the eldest son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, who married the Roman Catholic Sylvana Palma Tomaselli in 1988 ; he would now be 29th in the lines of succession if he had not lost his place.

The title of Baron Abergavenny, in the Nevill family, dates from Edward Nevill, 3rd Baron Bergavenny ( d. 1476 ), who was the youngest son of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland by his second wife Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster.

Four-fifths of the cost for the venture was paid for by noble lords, who were among the most powerful men in England: the Earl of Orford, The Baron of Romney, the Duke of Shrewsbury and Sir John Somers.

Charles was baptised on 2 December 1600 by the Bishop of Ross, in a ceremony held in Holyrood Abbey, and was created Duke of Albany, Marquess of Ormond, Earl of Ross and Lord Ardmannoch.

As the eldest living son of the sovereign, Charles automatically gained several titles ( including Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay ), and subsequently was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in November 1616.

The Duke of Marlborough holds certain subsidiary titles: Marquess of Blandford ( created 1702 ), Earl of Sunderland ( 1643 ), Earl of Marlborough ( 1689 ), Baron Spencer, of Wormleighton ( 1603 ), and Baron Churchill, of Sandridge ( 1685 ) ( all are in the English peerage ).

If that were to happen, the Churchill titles would pass to the Earl of Jersey, the heir-male of Anne Villiers, Countess of Jersey, daughter of Elizabeth Egerton, Duchess of Bridgwater, a younger daughter of the first Duke.

* John Churchill, 1st Earl of Marlborough ( 1650 – 1722 ), became Duke of Marlborough in 1702

: Other titles ( 3rd Duke onwards ): Earl of Sunderland ( En 1643 ) and Baron Spencer of Wormleighton ( En 1729 )

* 1460 – Edmund, Earl of Rutland, second son of Richard, Duke of York ( murdered after battle ) ( b. 1443 )

On 14 April 1589 Oxford was among the peers who found Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, the eldest son and heir of Oxford's cousin, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, guilty of treason.

Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma ( born Prince Louis of Battenberg ; 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979 ), was a British statesman and naval officer, an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and second cousin once removed to Elizabeth II.

* 1484 – Battle of Lochmaben Fair – A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland ; Douglas is captured.

Lincoln was named after Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, 9th Earl of Lincoln – a cousin of the Wentworth governors.

* 1672 – John Maitland becomes Duke of Lauderdale and Earl of March.

Through the Donne family, many prominent English families are then descended from Owain, including the De Vere family, successive holders of the title Earl of Oxford, and the Cavendish family as Duke of Devonshire.

* Earl of Portland ( also Duke of Portland ), an English title

During Britain's participation in the Seven Years War, for example, the powers of government were divided equally between the Duke of Newcastle and William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, leading to them both alternatively being described as Prime Minister.

These practices caused confusion and dissension in Cabinet meetings, especially during the dysfunctional ministries of the Earl of Chatham from 1766 – 1768 and of the Duke of Grafton from 1768 – 1770 when no one, not even the King, seemed to be in charge.

Most Lords are called " Temporal " with titles such as Duke, Marquess, Earl and Viscount.

Between 1990 and 2010, both Robinson and her successor President McAleese ( 1997 – 2011 ) visited the Palace on numerous occasions, while senior royals-the Prince of Wales, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh all visited both Presidents of Ireland at Áras an Uachtaráin.

Before the Province of New York was granted county subdivisions and a greater royal presence in 1683, the early ducal colony consisted of York Shire, as well as Albany and Ulster, after the three titles held by Prince James: Duke of York, Duke of Albany, Earl of Ulster.