During wartime, a shipping convoy will have a ranking officer — sometimes an active-duty naval officer, at other times a civilian master or retired naval officer — designated as the convoy commodore.

" During the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, the commander of the torpedo boat destroyer IJN Akatsuki described " being in command of a destroyer for a long period, especially in wartime ... is not very good for the health.

During World War II, he took on major domestic responsibilities and mobilized the millions of people imprisoned in NKVD Gulag camps into wartime production.

During World War II 13, 540 tons were used in the electromagnets used for enriching uranium, mainly because of the wartime shortage of copper.

During wartime the National Council ( 1939 – 1945 ) was established to represent the legislature as part of the Polish Government in Exile.

During his first term of office, from 1921 to 1926, King pursued a conservative domestic policy with the object of lowering wartime taxes and, especially, wartime ethnic tensions, as well as defusing postwar labour conflicts.

During the war, the make-up of Mecklenburg and Vorpommern's population changed due to wartime losses and the influx of evacuees ( mainly from the Berlin and Hamburg metropolitan areas that were subject to air raids ).

During his wartime service, as noted later in the January 11, 1954 Time magazine issue that featured him on its cover:

During the Second World War, Alexander Dubček joined the underground resistance against the wartime pro-German Slovak state headed by Jozef Tiso.

During wartime the high dikes of the Yellow River were sometimes deliberately broken in order to flood advancing enemy troops.

During one of these bombings, the beautiful Eremitani church, with Mantegna frescoes, was destroyed ( considered by some art historians to be Italy's biggest wartime cultural loss ).

During the Occupation of Japan following the war, Tsuburaya's wartime association with such propaganda films proved a hindrance to his finding work for some time.

During the war he was one of the main leaders of the left in the Commons, opposing the wartime Coalition government.

During wartime research on the atomic bomb, American physicists at Purdue University who were deflecting neutrons off uranium nuclei ( similar to Rutherford scattering ) described the uranium nucleus as " big as a barn ".

During wartime service in the National Guard, in 1917 he married Alice Stanley.

During this period he also directed the pro-Soviet propaganda film Mission to Moscow ( 1943 ), which was commissioned at the request of president Franklin D. Roosevelt in order to aid the wartime effort.

During World War II, in response to west coast wartime hysteria, the U. S. Army temporarily assumed control of the Tulare County Fairgrounds, converting it to the Tulare Assembly Center, a temporary detention center for Japanese Americans.

During World War I, the town ’ s mills all obtained federal wartime contracts and did well financially, but long before the Great Depression hit, many factories owners were already laying off employees, seeking mergers with other companies, or looking for buyers for their facilities.

During World War II, the city fought successfully to prevent 800 Japanese American residents from being placed in wartime internment.

During World War II, the town boasted a population of over 300 residents, relying primarily on Route 66 travellers ( which passed half a mile south of the city ) and a U. S. naval base south of the town that operated during wartime.

During wartime mobilization such a division would be beefed up to full manpower strength ; however, in peacetime a cadre division is unfit for any combat.

( During World War II, Oscar statues were made of plaster instead of gold, owing to wartime metal shortages.

During wartime, some coast guard organizations might have responsibilities in harbor defense, port security, naval counter-intelligence and coastal patrols.

During his time in Vienna, Salieri acquired great prestige as a composer and conductor, particularly of opera, but also of chamber and sacred music.

During the Japanese occupation, the Dayaks played a role in guerilla warfare against the occupying forces, particularly in the Kapit Division, where headhunting was temporarily revived towards the end of the war.

During the early 1990s, the Compact Disc surpassed the gramophone record in popularity, but gramophone records continued to be made ( although in very limited quantities ) into the 21st century — particularly for club DJs and for local acts recording on small regional labels.

During the 1992 U. S. presidential election campaign, the civil rights of gays and lesbians, particularly their open service in the military, attracted some press attention, and all candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination supported ending the ban on military service by gays and lesbians,

During the 1960s and 1970s hundreds of fossils were found, particularly in East Africa in the regions of the Olduvai gorge and Lake Turkana.

During the late 19th and 20th century there was significant emigration, particularly from rural areas to Sweden and North America, while most immigrants into Finland itself come from other European countries.

During that time, insurrections against the Malagasy Christians of the island, missionaries and foreigners were particularly terrible.

During his time in Malaya, Gardner became increasingly interested in local customs, particularly those involved in folk magic and weapons.

During the period of 8500-7500 BC another hunter-gatherer group, showing clear affinities with the cultures of Egypt ( particularly the Outacha retouch technique for working stone ) was in Sinai.

During the 1970s and ‘ 80s rural poverty did decline, particularly in the Malayan Peninsula, but critics of the government ’ s policy contend that this was mainly due to the growth of overall national prosperity ( due in large part to the discovery of important oil and gas reserves ) and migration of rural people to the cities rather than to state intervention.

During periods of particularly high demand for ammunition, such as after the November 2008 election of President Barack Obama, or after the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban in that country, factory ammunition can become considerably more expensive or even unavailable in stores.

During the gradual process by which Homo erectus made a transition from furry to naked skin, their hair texture putatively changed gradually from Afro-textured hair or ' kinky ' ( i. e. tightly coiled ) to straight hair ( the condition of most mammals, including humanity's closest cousins — chimpanzees ) This argument is based on the principle that curly hair impedes the passage of UV light into the body relative to straight hair ( thus curly or coiled hair would be particularly advantageous for dark-skinned hominids living at the equator ).

During the subsequent Swedish reign over Finland particularly the coastal areas witnessed waves of settlement from Sweden.

Many Irish servicemen, particularly sailors, settled in Britain: During the 18th and 19th century a third of the Army and Royal Navy were Irish.

During the 20th century, certain Irish intellectuals made their homes in continental Europe, particularly James Joyce, and later Samuel Beckett ( who became a courier for the French Resistance ).

During the Iron Age, the best tools and weapons were made from steel, particularly alloys which were produced with a carbon content between approximately 0. 30 % and 1. 2 % by weight.

During his stay at Hangzhou he was particularly impressed by the large number of well-crafted and well-painted Chinese wooden ships, with colored sails and silk awnings, assembling in the canals.

During his stay in Vienna in 1862 – 63, Brahms became particularly interested in the music of Franz Schubert.

During this time, he began to attack fellow members of the Georgian Communist Party, particularly Gaioz Devdariani, who was Minister of Education of the Georgian SSR.

During the last decades of the 20th century, particularly in the post-genomic era, many techniques for fluorescent labeling of cellular structures were developed.

During all this time he traveled extensively in Japan, particularly in the Kansai region teaching his aikido.

During his lifetime, Nichiren stridently maintained that the contemporary teachings of Buddhism taught by other sects, ( particularly Nembutsu, Zen, Shingon, and Ritsu ) were mistaken in their interpretations of the correct path to enlightenment, and therefore refuted them publicly and vociferously.

During the 19th century, parallel operatic traditions emerged in central and eastern Europe, particularly in Russia and Bohemia.

During this time of invention, winds and brass were expanded, and had an increasingly easy time playing in tune with each other: particularly the ability for composers to score for large masses of wind and brass that previously had been impractical.

During the 19th century, American musicians playing for working-class audiences in small pubs and bars, particularly African-American composers, developed new musical genres based on the modern piano.