The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ( ECMWF ) is an independent intergovernmental organisation supported by 19 European Member States and 15 Co-operating States.

ECMWF has dramatically improved the accuracy and reliability of weather forecasting, working in collaboration with Member and Co-operating States, the European Union and partners such as the World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ), the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites ( EUMETSAT ) and the European Space Agency ( ESA ).

ECMWF, through its partnerships with EUMETSAT, ESA, the EU and the European Science community has established a leading position for Europe in the exploitation of satellite data for operational numerical weather prediction, and in the exploitation of satellite data for operational seasonal forecasting with coupled atmosphere-ocean-land models.

To date, and with support from Europe's National Meteorological Services and the European Commission, ECMWF has conducted two major reanalyses of the global atmosphere: the first ECMWF re-analysis ( ERA-15 ) project generated reanalyses from December 1978 to February 1994 ; the ERA-40 project generated reanalyses from September 1957 to August 2002.

Since ECMWF runs a wave model, there are also predictions of coastal waves and storm surges in European waters which can be used to provide warnings.

OSCAR currents are routinely used to evaluate the surface currents in Global Circulation Models ( GCMs ), for example in NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System ( GODAS ) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ( ECMWF ).

These products are issued twice daily using guidance from the NWS's Global Forecast System ( GFS ) and North American Mesoscale Model ( NAM ), as well as guidance from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ( ECMWF ), the United Kingdom's Met Office ( UKMET ), the Meteorological Service of Canada, including ensembles.

Surface pressure forecasts are issued three times per day, with temperature and probability of precipitation products issued twice per day, using guidance from the NWS medium range forecast model ( GFS ) as well as models from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting ( ECMWF ), the United Kingdom's Meteorology Office ( UKMET ), Canadian model, the Navy NOGAPS model, and ensemble guidance from the GFS, ECMWF, Canadian, and North American Ensemble Forecast System ( NAEFS ).

Since 2006, the HIRLAM cooperation has shifted its focus to the development of meso-scale ( convection-permitting ) numerical weather prediction system ( HARMONIE ) through close collaboration with ALADIN consortium ( led by Meteo France ) and ECMWF ( European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting ).

Starting in 1992 with ensemble forecasts prepared by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ( ECMWF ) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, model ensemble forecasts have been used to help define the forecast uncertainty and to extend the window in which numerical weather forecasting is viable farther into the future than otherwise possible.

Today ensemble predictions are commonly made at most of the major operational weather prediction facilities worldwide, including the National Centers for Environmental Prediction ( US ), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ( ECMWF ), the United Kingdom Met Office, Meteo France, Environment Canada, the Japanese Meteorological Agency, the Bureau of Meteorology ( Australia ), the China Meteorological Administration, the Korea Meteorological Administration, and CPTEC ( Brazil ).

The designated TIGGE archive centers include the Chinese Meteorological Administration ( CMA ), The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ( ECMWF ), and The National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR ).

Centers such as ECMWF show instantaneous map of their coverage ; or the Hadley Centre show the coverage for the average of the year 2000.

The National Meteorological Services of Member States and Co-operating States use ECMWF ’ s products for their own national duties, in particular to give early warning of potentially damaging severe weather.

ECMWF was established in 1975, in recognition of the need to pool the scientific and technical resources of Europe ’ s meteorological services and institutions for the production of medium-range weather forecasts and of the economic and social benefits expected from it.

ECMWF continuously endeavours to improve the use of satellite observations for NWP.

The ECMWF is best known in the United States for its global operational forecast model, known officially as the " Integrated Forecast System " but usually known informally as the " ECMWF " or " Euro ".

The ECMWF model is primarily used as comparison against the Global Forecast System, which is based in the United States and is run by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction.

* Aigas Field Centre Beaver Project – history of a pair of European beavers released into a large enclosure in the Highlands of Scotland.

European Humanities Research Centre, University of Oxford, Modern Humanities Research Association, 2000.

* European Cultural Centre of Delphi

Following the 2008 revision of the EU Regulation that governs European political parties allowing the creation of European foundations affiliated to Europarties, the EFA established in September 2007 its official foundation / think tank, the Centre Maurits Coppieters ( CMC ).

The Independence Party and Centre Party were against accession to the EU, but only the Independence Party still wants Estonia to withdraw from the European Union.

Centre Party and Socialist Left Party are also against the current membership in the European Economic Community.

* Florian Hartleb: A thorn in the side of European elites: The new Euroscepticism, Centre for European Studies, Brussels 2011, ( download: http :// www. 1888932-2946. ws / ComTool6. 0_CES / CES / E-DocumentManager / gallery / Research_Papers / athornintheside-1. pdf )

The European Space Operations Centre ( ESOC ) is responsible for controlling ESA satellites and space probes.

The facilities at the centre, initially labelled ESDAC ( European Space Data Acquisition Centre ), were essentially a large mainframe computer or computers, which was made available both to its in-house staff and to visiting scientists and fellows who wished to use them to analyse and study the recovered data.

ESDAC was later renamed ESOC, the European Space Operations Centre.

Image: European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt, Germany-main gate. jpg | European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt, Germany, old main gate.

Image: European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt-space telescope. jpg | European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt, 1 / 2 scale mockup of XMM-Newton satellite.

Image: European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt-entrance. jpg | European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt, entrance.

I was having lunch not long ago ( apologies to N. V. Peale ) with three distinguished historians ( one specializing in the European Middle Ages, one in American history, and one in the Far East ), and I asked them if they could name instances where the general mores had been radically changed with `` deliberate speed, majestic instancy '' ( Francis Thompson's words for the Hound Of Heaven's Pursuit ) by judicial fiat.

Because of its wealth of experience, the Organization for European Economic Cooperation could help with the initial studies needed.

The movement toward European unity has been expressed in two currents: federalism and functionalism, one looking to the constitution of a United States of Europe, the other building on wartime precedents of practical cooperation for the solution of specific problems.

In 1947 and 1948 the necessity of massive coordinated efforts to achieve economic recovery led to the formation of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation to supervise and coordinate the uses of American aid under the Marshall Plan.

For a time it appeared that a common European army might be created, but the project for a European Defense Community was rejected by the French National Assembly in 1954.

In 1957 the social-economic approach to European integration was capped by the formation among `` the Six '' of a tariff-free European Common Market, and Euratom for cooperation in the development of atomic energy.

It is well to bear in mind that gasoline will cost from $.80 to $.90 for the equivalent of a United States gallon and while you might prefer a familiar Ford, Chevrolet or even a Cadillac, which are available in some countries, it is probably wiser to choose the smaller European makes which average thirty, thirty-five and even forty miles to the gallon.

In the majority of countries, however, the rates range from $3.00 to $3.50 a day for the smaller sedans and graduate up to $7.00 and $8.00 a day for the larger, luxury European models, with the rate per kilometer driven starting at $.03 and going up as high as $.12.

Rates for American cars are somewhat higher, ranging from about $8.00 a day up to $14.00 a day for a Chevrolet Convertible, but the rate per kilometer driven is roughly the same as for the larger European models.

Then, too, European drivers have reputations for being somewhat crazy on the road and some Americans are not particularly keen on getting mixed up with them.

Since most European cars average more miles per gallon of gasoline than American cars, it naturally follows that the cost per kilometer for these models will be less, but the greater seating capacity of the large American cars will equalize this, provided your group is sufficiently large to fill a 7-passenger limousine.

On the one hand, the major European nations had to maintain vis-a-vis each other an emphasis upon sovereignty, independence, formal equality -- thus insuring for themselves individually an optimal freedom of action to maintain the `` flexibility of alignment '' that the system required and to avoid anything approaching a repetition of the disastrous Napoleonic experience.

Hall, for example, was quite explicit on this point when he said states outside European civilization must formally enter into the circle of law-governed countries.

These deerskins were the raw material for the manufacture of leather, and were the only articles which the tribes of this district had to exchange for European goods.

In 1989, a group of European and American scholars in the field of anthropology established the European Association of Social Anthropologists ( EASA ) which serves as a major professional organization for anthropologists working in Europe.

Although Tylor undertook a field trip to Mexico, both he and Frazer derived most of the material for their comparative studies through extensive reading, not fieldwork, mainly the Classics ( literature and history of Greece and Rome ), the work of the early European folklorists, and reports from missionaries, travelers, and contemporaneous ethnologists.

Since many European typewriters placed the parentheses with 8 and 9, those corresponding positions were chosen for the parentheses.

European alphabets, especially Latin and Cyrillic, have been adapted for many languages of Asia.