Secondly, the Tax Foundation argues that the Tax Freedom Day calculation does not include capital gains as income because it uses income and tax data directly from the Bureau of Economic Analysis ( BEA ).

* Economic calculation debate

* Economic calculation problem

# Redirect Economic calculation problem

# REDIRECT Economic calculation problem

# REDIRECT Economic calculation problem

Economic calculation is common to all people.

# REDIRECT Economic calculation problem

* Economic calculation problem, the difficulties of central planning

# Redirect Economic calculation problem

# REDIRECT Economic calculation problem

* Economic calculation problem

A MA in Switzerland was also considered as being a first MA for the calculation of the SPC duration, even though Switzerland is not part of the European Economic Area ( EEA ).

In 1965, the World Health Organization ( WHO ) Expert Committee on Dependence-producing Drugs ' Fourteenth Report noted, " The Committee was pleased to note the resolution of the Economic and Social Council with respect to khat, confirming the view that the abuse of this substance is a regional problem and may best be controlled at that level ".

* By being the first English language historian to bring attention to the work of the French economist and historian Étienne Mantoux, especially his 1946 book The Carthaginian Peace: or The Economic Consequences of Mr Keynes, he was able to show that Germany was capable of paying reparations to France after the First World War ; the only problem was that the Germans were unwilling.

The transport economics rationale for implementing congestion pricing on roads, described as " one policy response to the problem of congestion ", was summarized in testimony to the United States Congress Joint Economic Committee in 2003: " congestion is considered to arise from the mispricing of a good ; namely, highway capacity at a specific place and time.

To resolve this problem, the island's Economic Society formed a commission composed of Baldorioty de Castro, José Julián Acosta and Juan Hernández Arbizu.

World Jewish Congress conference on the situation of Jews in North Africa, Algiers, 1952The WJC also submitted a memorandum on the problem to the UN Economic and Social Council, asking for urgent action.

Ludwig Erhard, an economist, who had spent much time working on the problem of post war recovery, had worked his way up the administration created by the occupying American forces until he became the Director of Economics in the Bizonal Economic Council in the joint British and American occupied zones ( which would later, with the addition of the French occupied territory become the basis for West Germany ).

While at Harvard, Sweezy founded the academic journal The Review of Economic Studies and published essays on imperfect competition, the role of expectations in the determination of supply and demand, and the problem of economic stagnation.

Center for Economic Development: A consulting program with one-on-one services for business start-ups and existing businesses focusing on feasibility studies, market research, surveys, business plan development, loan packaging, operational assistance, procurement assistance, manufacturing, management, compliance ( EPA, OSHA, Revenue and Tax ), problem solving, and information technology.

By the end of the Russian Civil War and the introduction of New Economic Policy ( partially supported by Trotsky ) the idea of the labor army ended, especially after Joseph Stalin's assumption of power and the implementation of his policies of industrialization and collectivization, which effectively solved the problem of workforce mobilization both in industry and agriculture.

Economic interdependence may be a source of the aggregation problem.

But as leagues need coops to start them the result is a chicken or egg problem that helps explain why few coops get started .< ref > Sumit Joshi and Stephen C. Smith, “ Endogenous Formation of Coops and Cooperative Leagues ,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 68, 1, Oct. 2008, 217-233.

In his book Economic Calculations and Forms of Ownership ( Calcul économique et formes de proprieté ), Bettelheim re-thinks the problems of transition to socialism, while criticizing the supposition that nationalization and state ownership of the means of production was already " socialist "— it is not the legal form of property, but true socialization of the web of production, which characterizes such a transition ; the crucial problem in socialist planning is the replacement of the form of " value " with the development of a method of measurement which takes into account the social utility of production.

Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it has taken steps to become a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC ( Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation ) forum.

Economic growth reached 3. 1 % during 2000 and inflation was 9. 0 % although unemployment has yet to significantly improve.

Economic growth is largely supported by oil extraction activities, although massive diversification is taking place.

* According to the National Endowment for the Arts ( NEA ), the decade showed a continuous increase in reading, although circulation of newspapers has declined in conjunction with the Economic Recession.

Very few EOP ( Executive Office of the President ) officials are required to be confirmed by the Senate, although there are a handful of exceptions to this rule ( e. g., the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Chair and members of the Council of Economic Advisers, and the United States Trade Representative ).

The government's establishment of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission ( EFCC ) in 2004 has helped with the issue to some degree, although there are still issues with corruption.

According to Mark Michael Smith of the Economic History Society: " although intrusive and oppressive, paternalism, the way masters employed it, and the methods slaves used to manipulate it, rendered slaveholders ' attempts to institute capitalistic work regimens on their plantation ineffective and so allowed slaves to carve out a degree of autonomy.

The EU flags indicate players who, although foreign, are still members of the European Economic Community, thus the club is not restricted in playing such foreigners.

Superfluity of graphemes ( letters or characters ) is often an issue in spelling reform, which prompts the " Economic Argument "— significant cost savings in the production materials over time — as promulgated by George Bernard Shaw, although in modern times with computer systems changing rapidly and equipped to produce the scripts of a variety of languages this is now a bit far-fetched.

Historically and generally, Economic Geography is regarded as a subfield of the discipline of geography, although during the last decades many economists have pursued interests that can be considered part of economic geography .. Due to this fact, many believe that Economic Geography is part of the discipline of Economics, instead of Geography.

" Sir Alan Budd, the Treasury's Chief Economic Adviser during the period and later appointed by Gordon Brown to the Monetary Policy Committee, in an economic assessment of Britain's membership of the ERM, has written, " although it was certainly a political disaster, the case can be made that it was an economic triumph and marked the turning point in our macro-economic performance.

Tourism has long been a vital source of the island's revenue, although the industry has undergone a serious decline since the Asian Economic Crisis of the mid-to-late 1990s.

Economic policy in Ireland was inconsistent with a " hard currency " policy, and the Irish Pound also failed to hold its value against the central rate of the Deutschmark, although it did appreciate in value against some of the other EMS currencies.

Economic theory suggests an excessive minimum wage may raise unemployment as it fixes a price above demand for labour, although a reasonable minimum wage enhances growth because when poorer workers have more to spend it stimulates effective aggregate demand for goods and services.

The Glasgow School of Art is host to a number of high profile research projects, funded primarily through the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and the Economic and Social Research Council, although other UK research councils have funded projects in the past.

After this posting, he was Permanent Representative to the European Economic Community and Ambassador to Belgium ; although living in Brussels, he was also Ambassador to Austria, Norway, and Sweden at this time.

The Economic Consequences of the Peace played a critical role in turning American public opinion against the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations although it was Wilson's poor management of the issue due to a number of strokes that would eventually ensure that America would not participate in the League of Nations.

Economic activity is strongly linked to the US with which American Samoa conducts most of its commerce, although American Samoa does not treat the US as an external trade partner.

Citizens of the European Economic Area ( the European Union plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway ) and Switzerland enjoy the freedom to travel and work in any European Union country without a work permit or visa, although transitory dispositions may restrict the rights of citizens of new member states to work in other countries.

Norway remains outside the European Union to this day after referendums on membership in 1972 and 1994, although it is a signatory of the Schengen treaty and a member of the European Economic Area.

In addition, The Foundation for Deep Ecology had a long history as a generous grant-maker in categories such as Biodiversity & Wilderness, Ecological Agriculture, and Megatechnology & Economic Globalization, although in-house publishing is now its main focus.