The current most senior living descendant of the Electress Sophia who is ineligible to succeed due to the act is George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, the eldest son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, who married the Roman Catholic Sylvana Palma Tomaselli in 1988 ; he would now be 29th in the lines of succession if he had not lost his place.

Excluding those princesses who have married into overseas Roman Catholic royal families, only one member of the Royal Family ( that is, with the style of Royal Highness ) has converted to Roman Catholicism since the passage of the act: the Duchess of Kent, wife of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent.

During the English Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily under Henry VIII and Edward VI and later permanently during the reign of Elizabeth I.

In 2003, together with fellow Roman Catholic MP Edward Leigh, Widdecombe proposed an amendment opposing repeal of Section 28 of the Local Government Act, which banned the promotion of homosexuality by local governments.

The name " Quinte " is derived from " Kente ", which was the name of an early French Catholic mission located on the south shore of what is now Prince Edward County.

It was used only for a few months, as after Edward VI's death in 1553, his half-sister Mary I restored Roman Catholic worship.

In 1553, Mary I, a Roman Catholic, succeeded her Protestant half-brother, Edward VI, to the English throne.

Her half-brother, Edward VI, bequeathed the crown to Lady Jane Grey, cutting his two half-sisters, Elizabeth and the Catholic Mary, out of the succession in spite of statute law to the contrary.

As a result, the parliament of 1559 started to legislate for a church based on the Protestant settlement of Edward VI, with the monarch as its head, but with many Catholic elements, such as priestly vestments.

* 19th century – Edward Irving and the Catholic Apostolic Church.

Rather than return to her Roman Catholic brother James Francis Edward Stuart, the English Parliament decided that Sophia of Hanover and her descendants should succeed ( Act of Settlement 1701 ).

Alarm amongst Protestants increased when his wife, Mary of Modena, gave birth to a son — James Francis Edward — in June 1688, for the son would, unlike Mary and Anne, be raised a Roman Catholic.

One of Mary's first actions as queen was to order the release of the Roman Catholic Duke of Norfolk and Stephen Gardiner from imprisonment in the Tower of London, as well as her kinsman Edward Courtenay.

In 1913, Bishop Mathew claimed to have secured permission from the Continental Old Catholic bishops for his consecration of Rudolph Edward de Landen Berghes as a bishop to work among the Scots.

Peter Gay writes of the Puritans ' standard reputation for " dour prudery " as a " misreading that went unquestioned in the nineteenth century ", commenting how unpuritanical they were in favour of married sexuality, and in opposition to the Catholic view of virginity, citing Edward Taylor and John Cotton.

Katharine, Duchess of Kent ; her son and grandson, Lord Nicholas Windsor and Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick, respectively, both of whose wives are Catholic, and her granddaughter, Lady Marina-Charlotte Windsor, as well as politicians such as Baroness Masham of Ilton and Ann Widdecombe, and, most recently, former Prime Minister Tony Blair, whose wife and children are Catholic, are prominent among laypeople who have converted.

Sophia was made heiress presumptive for the purpose of cutting off any claim by the Roman Catholic James Francis Edward Stuart, who would otherwise have become James III & VIII, as well as denying the throne to many other Roman Catholics and spouses of Roman Catholics who held a claim.

The rebellion did not persuade Edward to tread carefully, and only hardened his attitude towards Catholic non-conformists.

When Edward VI became ill in 1553, his advisers looked to the possible imminent accession of the Catholic Lady Mary, and feared that she would overturn all the reforms made during Edward's reign.

Prominent MPs from this wing of the party include Andrew Rosindell, Nadine Dorries and Edward Leigh — the latter a prominent Roman Catholic, notable in a faction marked out by its support for the established Church of England.

England and the United Provinces had already begun raising armies, and now, although Louis had treated William as King of England since the Treaty of Ryswick, he now recognized James II's son, the Catholic James Francis Edward Stuart ( the " Old Pretender "), as the rightful monarch.

* June 10 – The birth of King James ' heir, James Francis Edward Stuart ( 1688 – 1766 ; later to become known as the " Old Pretender ") increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty.

* October 1 – Edward James, English Catholic martyr ( executed at Chichester )

When Cardinal Wolsey, the king's Lord Chancellor, selected several Cambridge scholars, including Edward Lee, Stephen Gardiner and Richard Sampson, to be diplomats throughout Europe, Cranmer was chosen to take a minor role in the English embassy in Spain.

Descendants of this marriage included Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and eventually Cardinal ; Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, grandmother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III ; John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, the great-grandfather of King Henry VII ; and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots, from whom are descended, beginning in 1437, all subsequent sovereigns of Scotland, and successively, from 1603 on, the sovereigns of England, of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the United Kingdom to the present day.

** Charles Januarius Edward Acton, his uncle, Cardinal of Santa Maria della Pace

Both Jane and her husband Sir Edward Stradling, were named in Cardinal Beaufort's will.

* Henry Edward Manning ( 1808 – 1892 ), English Roman Catholic Archbishop and Cardinal

Born in Preston, Lancashire, his father Charles was a doctor who had converted to Roman Catholicism, following his brother Edward Healy Thompson, a friend of Cardinal Manning.

James Francis Edward Stuart was known to those who rejected his claims as " The Old Pretender "; his elder son Charles was called " The Young Pretender " ( or " Bonnie Prince Charlie " among his supporters ), and the younger son, Henry, who became a Roman Catholic cardinal, was known as the Cardinal Duke of York.

The ceremony was presided by José Neto, Cardinal of Lisbon, then exiled in Seville, who had baptized D. Manuel when he was the Prince Royal ; D. Manuel was also assisted by the Prince of Wales ( Edward VIII ) and King Afonso XIII of Spain, as well as representatives of the Royal Houses of Europe ( including Spain, Germany, Italy, France and Romania, in addition to the principalities and German kingdoms ).

* Edward MacCabe, Archbishop of Dublin ( 1879 – 1885 ) and Cardinal

These contemporary sources include ; the Articles of the Bataill bitwix the Kinge of Scottes and therle of Surrey in Brankstone Field said to be a field despatch ; Brian Tuke's news-letter to Cardinal Bainbridge ; an Italian poem, La Rotta de Scosesi in part based on Tuke's letters ; a news-sheet printed in London, The Trewe Encountre ; another lost news-sheet printed by Richard Pynson which was the source used in Edward Hall's Chronicle.

His son, Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was restored to the title upon Henry VII's accession to the throne in 1485, but he was ultimately executed for treason in 1521 due to his opposition to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Henry VIII's chief advisor.

Image of the satirical poster of Cardinal Spellman produced in 1967 by Edward Sorel.

* Henry Edward Manning, later Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster

* Henry Edward Manning, Archbishop and Cardinal

Featuring Ron Cook as Richard III, Peter Benson as Henry VI, Brenda Blethyn as Joan, Bernard Hill as York, Julia Foster as Margaret, Brian Protheroe as Edward, Paul Jesson as Clarence, Mark Wing-Davey as Warwick, Frank Middlemass as Cardinal Beaufort, Trevor Peacock as Talbot and Jack Cade, Paul Chapman as Suffolk and Rivers, David Burke as Gloucester and Zoe Wanamaker as Lady Anne.

* New York City, New York ( with Brooke Shields as well as Liza Minnelli, John Cardinal O ' Connor, Susan Anton, Gregory Hines, and Edward James Olmos, Yoko Ono, and Harry Belafonte anchoring the George Washington Bridge )

Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler and Cardinal Henry Edward Manning were influential in its composition.

" The League includes on its website endorsements from such prominent clerics as Cardinal Edward Egan ( former Archbishop of New York ), Cardinal Roger Mahony ( former Archbishop of Los Angeles ), Archbishop Charles Chaput of Denver, and Archbishop Edwin O ' Brien of Baltimore, as well as Father Benedict Groeschel, C. F. R., all of whom have endorsed the League's activities and exhorted Catholics to become members.

He acted in London in 1867, 1882, 1883 and 1884, his " Cardinal Richelieu " portrayal in Edward Bulwer-Lytton's drama being considered his best part.

( To James III, son of King James II of Great Britain, to Charles Edward and to Henry, Dean of the Cardinal Fathers, sons of James III, the last of the Royal House of Stuart.

Their second son Charles Januarius Edward Acton, known as Cardinal Acton, was a prominent clergyman in the Catholic Church.

" The founders included Alexander Graham Bell, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, James Cardinal Gibbons of Baltimore, and Edward Filene on behalf of the recently founded U. S. Chamber of Commerce.

In 1988, the Archbishop of Sydney, Edward Bede Clancy was created Cardinal and during the Australian Bicentenary celebrations led the religious ceremonies for the opening of Parliament House, Canberra.