In the early summer of 268, the Emperor Gallienus halted their advance into Italy, but then had to deal with the Goths.

* 259, Battle of Mediolanum — Emperor Gallienus defeats the Alemanni to rescue Rome

Gallienus (; c. 218 – 268 ) was Roman Emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and alone from 260 to 268.

When his father Valerian was proclaimed Emperor on 22 October 253, he asked the Senate to ratify Gallienus ' elevation to Caesar and Augustus, in order to share the power between two persons.

One version has Claudius selected as Emperor by the conspirators, another chosen by Gallienus on his death bed ; the Historia Augusta was concerned to substantiate the descent of the Constantinian dynasty from Claudius, and this may explain its accounts which do not involve Claudius in the murder.

In portraying himself with the attributes of the gods on his coinage, Gallienus began the final separation of the Emperor from his subjects.

Emperor Gallienus

While in Rome Plotinus also gained the respect of the Emperor Gallienus and his wife Salonina.

* Emperor Gallienus crushes the Alamanni at Milan.

* September – Battle of Naissus: Emperor Gallienus, aided by Aurelian, defeats a Gothic coalition ( 50, 000 warriors ) near Naissus ( Niš, modern Serbia ).

Emperor Gallienus is deified and buried in a family tomb on the Appian Way.

Claudius had served with the Roman army for all his adult life, making his way up the military hierarchy until the Emperor Gallienus made him the commander of his elite cavalry force ( hipparchos ) and subsequently his military deputy.

There, the troops proclaimed him Emperor, amid charges, never proven, that he murdered his predecessor Gallienus.

Accounts tell of people who, upon hearing the news of the new Emperor, reacted by murdering the family members of Gallienus, until Claudius declared he would respect the memory of his predecessor.

Although Gallienus had already inflicted some damage on them at the Battle of Nestus, Claudius, not long after being named Emperor, followed this up by winning his greatest victory, and one of the greatest in the history of Roman arms.

But the confusion evident in this passage, which also places the bulk of " Skythian " activity during 269 a year earlier, under Gallienus, may stem from a later effort to pile all possible disasters in this year into the reign of the former Emperor.

The Battle of Naissus ( 268 or 269 AD ) was the defeat of a Gothic coalition by the Roman Empire under Emperor Gallienus ( or Claudius II ) near Naissus ( Niš in present-day Serbia ).

He brought order to the Church and procured a peace after Emperor Gallienus issued an edict of toleration which was to last until 303.

In fact, this process had been going on in the Roman Army long before AD 378, with cavalry increasing its role and status in the Army from at least the time of the Emperor Gallienus ( AD 253 to 260 ).

The Crisis of the Third Century began as Emperor Valerian was defeated and captured by the Sassanid Empire of Persia, leaving his son Gallienus in very shaky control.

In the late 3rd Century, in the reign of Emperor Gallienus, a large raiding party, composed by Goths, Gepids and Heruli, launched itself in the Black Sea, raiding the coast of Anatolia and Thrace, and crossing into the Aegean Sea, plundering mainland Greece ( including Athens and Sparta ) and going as far as Crete and Rhodes.

The Emperor Gallienus Augustus ( 253 – 268 AD ) and his general and would-be usurper Aureolus bear much of the responsibility for the institution of Roman cataphract contingents in the Late Roman army.

In the turmoil following the defeat of Valerian, the XIIII Gemina supported usurper Regalianus against Emperor Gallienus ( 260 ), then Gallienus against Postumus of the Gallic empire ( earning the title VI Pia VI Fidelis —" six times faithful, six times loyal "), and, after Gallienus ' death, Gallic Emperor Victorinus ( 269 – 271 ).

* In Japan, the national worshiping to the Gods of Heaven and Earth is planned, and the Emperor tries to select a woman as a Saiō to make her serve the Gods.

* Emperor Julian tries to organize a pagan church and substitute it for Christianity.

Despite the neat resolution with Arthur as Emperor he never again tries this " might makes right " tactic.

All the while, a battle for the life of Luke Skywalker takes place between Darth Vader and Prince Xizor, as each tries to please Emperor Palpatine.

The Emperor tries and fails to kill Kefka, who retaliates by having the Warring Triad strike Gestahl down and unceremoniously boots him off the Floating Continent to his death.

Cara uses her Mord ' Sith ability to capture Marlin's gift when he tries to escape, but the link between Cara and Marlin is used against her when Emperor Jagang takes possession of Marlin soon thereafter.

When the Emperor tries to have Demetrius executed, the Praetorian Guard ( already angry at Caligula over worse pay and conditions ) finally turns against Caligula and kills first Macro, the prefect of the Praetorian Guard, then Caligula.

He later appears at the beginning of " Emperor Joker " where he tries to rob a jewelry store only to fight Batman.

He had been married twice but was now allegedly the lover of Eudokia Angelina, a daughter of Emperor Alexios III Angelos.

In China, the Hongwu Emperor created and refined a document he called Ancestral Injunctions ( first published in 1375, revised twice more before his death in 1398 ).

Emperor Mommu ruled until his death in 707, at which point he was succeeded by his mother, Empress Gemmei, who was also his first cousin once removed and his first cousin twice removed.

She was succeeded by her first cousin twice removed, Emperor Kōnin.

His fate was changed in 757 when Empress Kōken, his first cousin twice removed, appointed him to her crown prince instead of Prince Funado who had been appointed to this position by the will of the Emperor Shōmu.

Restored twice with the support of both Emperor and Pope, the Medici in 1537 became hereditary dukes of Florence, and in 1569 Grand Dukes of Tuscany, ruling for two centuries.

While at Chatsworth Gardens, he built enormous fountains-The Emperor Fountain in 1844 twice the height of Nelson's Column, which required the creation of the Emperor Lake on the hill top above the gardens, and the excavation of 100, 000 cubic yards of earth

He twice besieged Constantinople, in 941 and 944, and in spite of part of his fleet being destroyed by Greek fire, concluded with the Emperor a favourable treaty whose text is preserved in the chronicle.

An uncle of Emperor Hirohito twice over, Prince Higashikuni was the only member of the Japanese imperial family to head a cabinet.

The Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan attempted to invade Japan twice with enormous fleets ( of both Mongols and Chinese ), in 1274 and again in 1281, both attempts being unsuccessful ( see Mongol invasions of Japan ).

Priscus Attalus ( d. after 416 ) was twice Roman usurper ( in 409 and in 414 ), against Emperor Honorius, with Visigothic support.

He was twice proclaimed emperor by the Visigoths, in an effort to impose their terms on the ineffectual Emperor Honorius, in Ravenna.

The title of " Immortals " was again revived twice under the Byzantine Empire, first as an elite heavy cavalry unit under John I Tzimiskes ( r. 969 – 976 ) and then by Nikephoritzes, the chief minister of Emperor Michael VII ( r. 1071 – 1081 ), as the core of a new central field army of the following the disastrous defeat of Manzikert by the Seljuk Turks in 1071.

He inherited a battle between his father's line of elected kings, which had been interrupted twice by the Robertian kings, and the house of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I.

* Basileopatōr ( βασιλεοπάτωρ )– " Father of the Emperor ": an exceptional title, granted only twice in Byzantine history.

Emperor Jing, in accordance to prior imperial calendaring systems, would have simply referred to the number of years in his reign, but for unknown reasons reset the count twice, thus requiring historians to refer to them separately.

Between 1696 and 1697, when the Kangxi Emperor was away twice on military campaigns against Galdan Khan of the Zunghar Khanate, Yinreng was appointed as regent to supervise affairs in the capital Beijing.

Although her health was good, Ci ' an had been seriously ill twice according to Weng Tonghe, tutor of the Guangxu Emperor, once in March 1863 for 24 days, and another time in January 1870.

Created Count by the Emperor in 1626, he achieved great wealth in part by marrying ( twice ) into money.

According to Andrew Robinson, a history teacher at Eton, " he played piano duets with the last Emperor of China, told tarot cards for King Fuad of Egypt, narrowly missed being blown up by the Germans in the Pera Palace hotel in Istanbul and twice hit the jackpot on slot machines in Las Vegas ".

In 449 Orestes was sent by Attila twice to Constantinople as envoy to Emperor Valentinian III.

De Mercy displayed great daring in the first campaigns of the Spanish Succession War in Italy, twice fell into the hands of the enemy in rights at close quarters and for his conduct at the surprise of Cremona ( 31 January 1702 ) received the thanks of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the proprietary colonelcy of a newly raised cuirassier regiment.

Among notable guests were King Augustus II the Strong ( 1726 to 1727 and again in 1729 ), King Augustus III and his wife and sons Prince Francis Xavier and Prince Charles ( 1744 and 1752 ), Prince Charles of Saxony, Duke of Courland ( twice in 1759 ), Bishop Ignacy Krasicki ( 1760 ), King Stanisław August Poniatowski ( occasionally ), Emperor Joseph II Habsburg ( 1780 ), Grand Duke Paul, future Tsar Paul I of Russia, with his wife ( 1782 ), King Louis XVIII of France ( 1798 ), French, English, Turkish and Russian envoys and Italian actress.