In the middle of the 11th century, with the division of Al Andalus into taifas and the strengthening of the Christian holdings in the Iberian peninsula, Fernando I of León found himself in a position to extract tribute from the fractured Arab states.

In addition to money, Abbad II al-Mu ' tadid, the Abbadid rule of Seville ( 1042 – 1069 ), agreed to turn over St. Isidore's remains to Fernando I.

* 1128 – Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães: forces led by Alfonso I defeat forces led by his mother Teresa of León and her lover Fernando Pérez de Traba.

* 1345 – King Fernando I of Portugal ( d. 1383 )

In the early stages of ABBA, Anderson co-wrote many of the songs ' lyrics, among them some of the band's biggest hits, such as " Ring Ring " ( 1973 ), " Waterloo " ( 1974 ), " Honey, Honey " ( 1974 ), " I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do " ( 1975 ), " Mamma Mia " ( 1975 ), " S. O. S " ( 1975 ), " Fernando " ( 1976 ), " Dancing Queen " ( 1976 ), " Knowing Me, Knowing You " ( 1977 ), and " The Name of the Game " ( 1977 ).

Zaragoza, Institución « Fernando el Católico » ( C. S. I. C.

** King Fernando I of Portugal ( b. 1345 )

* Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders, son of king Sancho I

* Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda and Trancoso ( 1507 – 1534 ), 3rd male son of king Manuel I of Portugal

* October 22 – King Fernando I of Portugal dies and is succeeded by his daughter, Beatrice of Portugal.

* October 22 – King Fernando I of Portugal ( b. 1345 )

* An Abbreviated description of the MAD compiler language, Fernando J. Corbató, Jerome H. Saltzer, Neil Barta, and Thomas N. Hastings, M. I. T.

For a number of reasons, in particular the civil war that raged during the reign of Juan II and the subsequent conflicts involving the peasant farmers, the official Estudi General of Barcelona did not begin to develop until the reign of Fernando the Catholic ; but it was under King Charles I, in 1536, that the foundation stone was laid for the new university building at the top end of La Rambla.

es: Fernando I de Bulgaria

pt: Fernando I da Bulgária

Ferdinand I or Fernando I may refer to:

es: Fernando I

gl: Fernando I

pt: Fernando I

** Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva

* 1568 – Eighty Years ' War: Battle of Jemmingen – Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau.

* December 11 – Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, Spanish general ( b. 1507 )

* June 20 – The powerful Fernando II, Duke of Braganza is executed in Portugal, followed by more than 80 other noblemen, for his plot against the Royal crown.

Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba

The nobles resisted this infringement of their rights ; but their leader, Fernando II, Duke of Braganza, was beheaded for high treason in 1483 ; in 1484 the king stabbed to death his own brother-in-law, Diogo, Duke of Viseu ; and eighty other members of the aristocracy were afterwards executed.

A commission came in 1816 or 1817 from the family of the celebrated Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva, for a painting of the Duke receiving papal honors for his repression of the Protestant Reformation.

Following the announcement that Philip II, unhappy with the situation in the Netherlands, would dispatch his loyal general Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba ( also known as " The Iron Duke ") to restore order, William laid down his functions and retreated to his native Nassau in April 1567.

Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, portrait by Anthonis Mor

In 1842 Malmaison was purchased by Maria Christina, widow of King Ferdinand VII of Spain ; she lived there with her second husband Agustín Fernando Muñoz, 1st Duke of Riánsares.

* Fernando II, Duke of Braganza, also known as Ferdinand II ( 1430 – e. 1483 )

In 1573 the city successfully withstood a siege by Spanish forces under the leadership of Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba.

During the Eighty Years ' War between the Netherlands and Spain, the Capture of Brielle on April 1, 1572, by Protestant rebels, the Watergeuzen, marked a turning point in the conflict, as many towns in Holland then began to support William of Orange against the Spanish Duke Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba who was sent to pacify The Netherlands.

# Fernando I, Duke of Braganza, 1403 – 1478

# Fernando II, Duke of Braganza, 1430 – 1483

The sacking and looting of Mechelen by the Spanish troops led by the Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba | Duke of Alba, 2 October 1572.

Cardenio urges Don Fernando not to do so, but is unable to do so, Don Fernando ultimately keeping Cardenio from telling the Duke.

Fernando VI y Bárbara de Braganza: 1746-1759, Madrid, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, 2002, pp. 163 – 195.

He was descended from Spanish Jew Fernando Mendes, who accompanied Catherine of Braganza to England in 1662.

In 1464, the title of Count of Guimarães is given to Fernando II, son of the Duke of Braganza, by King Afonso V ( which was later renovated in 1475 ).

Three years later, on 1 April 1478, the 2nd Duke of Branganza, died, followed two years later by the death of the widow of the 1st Duke of Braganza: the titles and vast land holdings passed on to Fernando II.

This was a period when the second Duke of Braganza, Fernando who pushed for a symmetrical design and layout.

In 1496, the properties of the House of Braganza were restored to Fernando II's oldest son Jaime, three years after returning from exile in Spain.

The second Duke of Braganza, Fernando, reinforced his grandfather's frontier strategy and expanded his territory by integrating the lands of his deceased brother Afonso, Marquis of Valença.

Eleanor's sister Isabella of Viseu married Fernando II of Braganza, who was later accused and executed of treason by Eleanor's husband King John II.

Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza ( Duarte Nuno Fernando Maria Miguel Gabriel Rafael Francisco Xavier Raimundo António de Bragança ; 23 September 1907 – 24 December 1976 ; ) was a claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1920 until his death.

Duarte Nuno Fernando Maria Miguel Gabriel Rafael Francisco Xavier Raimundo António de Bragança was born at Seebenstein Castle in Austria-Hungary, the son of Miguel II, Duke of Braganza and of his second wife, Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg.

* 1483 – João II executes Fernando, the third Duke of Braganza, and Diogo, the Duke of Viseu, putting an end to high nobility conspiracies.

During the purges of the high nobility in 1483 – 84, John II had ordered the execution of Manuel's own brother Diogo, Duke of Viseu and brother-in-law Fernando II, Duke of Braganza.

He was present at the execution of Fernando II, Duke of Braganza at Évora in 1483, and in 1484 went to Rome as secretary of an embassy to Pope Innocent VIII.