In 2001, in another context, just after " the nineties ' crises in Mexico, Southeast Asia and Russia ," which included the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico, the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, and the 1998 Russian financial crisis, Tobin summarized his idea:

University of Sussex # Financial crises and Stop the Cuts campaign

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

Some later commentators have extended the metaphor to emphasize the suddenness, suggesting that economic bubbles end " All at once, and nothing first, / Just as bubbles do when they burst ," though theories of financial crises such as debt-deflation and the Financial Instability Hypothesis suggest instead that bubbles burst progressively, with the most vulnerable ( most highly-levered ) assets failing first, and then the collapse spreading throughout the economy.

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

Neoliberalism rose to prominence after the 1970s and neoliberal shock therapy became increasingly used as a response to economic crises, for example by the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) in the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis.

* Financial models can be oversimplified by relying on historically unprecedented arbitrage-free markets, probably underestimating the chance of crises, and under-pricing or under-planning for risk.

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

Category: Financial crises

If, conversely, banks accumulate excess reserves, as occurred in such financial crises as the Great Depression and the Financial crisis of 2007 – 2010 – in the United States since October 2008, then this equality breaks down, and central bank money creation may not result in commercial bank money creation, instead remaining as unlent ( excess ) reserves.

Financial crises hit the royal household repeatedly, and so in 1523, Francis I established a government bond system in Paris, the " rentes sur l ' Hôtel de Ville ".

Recessions attributed to currency crises include the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico, 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, 1998 Russian financial crisis, and the Argentine economic crisis ( 1999-2002 ).

Category: Financial crises

* Capital Chronicle: Credit crises of the Caribbean: CL Financial & Clico International Life

Category: Financial crises

Financial risk management, an element of corporate finance, is the practice of creating and protecting economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk, particularly credit risk and market risk.

According to the Financial Times, " big hedge funds have some of the most sophisticated and exacting risk management practices anywhere in asset management.

Financial reinsurance is a form of reinsurance that is primarily used for capital management rather than to transfer insurance risk.

Financial institutions have likewise undertaken efforts to prevent and detect transactions involving dirty money, both as a result of government requirements and to avoid the reputational risk involved.

* Financial risk management

Financial derivative products are made available to the IFC's clients strictly for hedging interest rate risk, exchange rate risk, and commodity risk exposure.

According to the Lena Komileva writing for The Financial Times, Capital Markets overtook bank lending as the leading source of long term finance in 2009-this reflects the additional risk aversion and regulation of banks following the 2008 financial crisis.

Financial institutions and asset managers that oversee portfolios are subject to what is called " structural " and " contingent " liquidity risk.

Category: Financial risk

Financial control tracks and analyzes the capital flows of the firm, the Finance division is the principal adviser to senior management on essential areas such as controlling the firm's global risk exposure and the profitability and structure of the firm's various businesses via dedicated trading desk product control teams.

The risk and burdens of loss became apparent to Lehman Brothers ( who did not benefit from a bailout ) and other financial institutions and mortgage companies such as Citibank and Countrywide Financial Corporation, whose valuation plunged during the subprime mortgage crisis.

Financial risk management is often a high priority for participants in deregulated electricity markets due to the substantial price and volume risks that the markets can exhibit.

* Financial audit, External auditor, Certified Public Accountant ( CPA ), and Audit risk

Financial reporting fraud, including non-disclosure and deliberate falsification of values also contributes to users ' information risk.

* Financial statement analysis, the process of understanding the risk and profitability of a firm

On May 15, 2007, in a speech concerning credit derivatives and liquidity risk, Geithner stated: “ Financial innovation has improved the capacity to measure and manage risk .”

In his 2006 book, America's Financial Apocalypse, Mike Stathis also warned about the risk of Fannie Mae helping to trigger the financial crisis: “ With close to $ 2 trillion in debt between Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae alone, as well as several trillion held by commercial banks, failure of just one GSE or related entity could create a huge disaster that would easily eclipse the Savings & Loan Crisis of the late 1980s.

* Financial risk management

* Zurich Financial Services, an insurance and risk management company