In the presence of a base, alkyl halides alkylate alcohols, amines, and thiols to obtain ethers, N-substituted amines, and thioethers respectively.

* Polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers ( Brij ): CH < sub > 3 </ sub >–( CH < sub > 2 </ sub >)< sub > 10 – 16 </ sub >–( O-C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 1 – 25 </ sub >– OH:

* Polyoxypropylene glycol alkyl ethers: CH < sub > 3 </ sub >–( CH < sub > 2 </ sub >)< sub > 10 – 16 </ sub >–( O-C < sub > 3 </ sub > H < sub > 6 </ sub >)< sub > 1 – 25 </ sub >– O

The simplest glucosides are the alkyl ethers which have been obtained by reacting hydrochloric acid on alcoholic glucose solutions.

Alcohols and phenols can be alkylated to give alkyl ethers:

The simpler alkyl radical is written in front, so CH < sub > 3 </ sub >- O-CH < sub > 2 </ sub > CH < sub > 3 </ sub > would be given as methoxy ( CH < sub > 3 </ sub > O ) ethane ( CH < sub > 2 </ sub > CH < sub > 3 </ sub >).

Methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms — CH < sub > 3 </ sub >.

Stereoregular poly ( 1-alkene ) can be isotactic or syndiotactic depending on the relative orientation of the alkyl groups in polymer chains consisting of units −−, like the CH < sub > 3 </ sub > groups in the figure.

: RCH = CH < sub > 2 </ sub > + H < sub > 2 </ sub > → RCH < sub > 2 </ sub > CH < sub > 3 </ sub > ( R = alkyl, aryl )

It is synthesized in the haloform reaction by the reaction of iodine and sodium hydroxide with any one of these four kinds of organic compounds: ( i ) a methyl ketone: CH < sub > 3 </ sub > COR, acetaldehyde ( CH < sub > 3 </ sub > CHO ), ethanol ( CH < sub > 3 </ sub > CH < sub > 2 </ sub > OH ), and certain secondary alcohols ( CH < sub > 3 </ sub > CHROH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group ).

* Homologation reactions that extend an alkyl chain by one methylene (- CH < sub > 2 </ sub >-) unit

IKIE's are often observed in the reductive elimination of alkyl metal hydrides, e. g. ( Me < sub > 2 </ sub > NCH < sub > 2 </ sub > CH < sub > 2 </ sub > NMe < sub > 2 </ sub >) PtMe ( H ).

In organic chemistry, propargyl is an alkyl functional group of 2-propynyl with the structure HC ≡ C − CH < sub > 2 </ sub >−, derived from the alkyne propyne.

: Ba + 2 ROH → Ba ( OR )< sub > 2 </ sub > + H < sub > 2 </ sub >↑ ( R is an alkyl or a hydrogen atom )

R < sup > 1 </ sup >, R < sup > 2 </ sup > and R < sup > 3 </ sup > are alkyl group s ( approx.

For this reason, the S < sub > N </ sub > 2 reaction of an alkyl halide with SCN < sup >−</ sup > often leads to a mixture of RSCN ( an alkyl thiocyanate ) and RNCS ( an alkyl isothiocyanate ).

Acetoacetic acid is a weak acid ( like most alkyl carboxylic acids ) with a pK < sub > a </ sub > of 3. 77.

• The molecular length should be at least 1. 3 nm, consistent with the presence of long alkyl group on many room-temperature liquid crystals.

Borate esters are organic compounds of the type B ( OR )< sub > 3 </ sub > where R is an organic residue ( for example alkyl or aryl ).

Derivatization of the triazole 5 ' carbon, or replacement of it with a nitrogen ( i. e., the 1, 2, 4, 5 tetrazole 3-carboxamide ) also results in substantial loss of activity, as does alkyl derivatization of the 3 ' carboxamide nitrogen.

Alkyl migration to oxygen gives the alkyl borane with retention of stereochemistry ( in reality, the reaction occurs via the trialkyl borate B ( OR )< sub > 3 </ sub >, rather than the monoalkyl borinic ester BH < sub > 2 </ sub > OR ).

One method based on the chemical constitution of the non-glucose part of the molecules has been proposed that posits four groups: ( I ) alkyl derivatives, ( 2 ) benzene derivatives, ( 3 ) styrolene derivatives, and ( 4 ) anthracene derivatives.

The electrophiles frequently seen in the organic syntheses are cations such as H < sup >+</ sup > and NO < sup >+</ sup >, polarized neutral molecules such as HCl, alkyl halides, acyl halides, and carbonyl compounds, polarizable neutral molecules such as Cl < sub > 2 </ sub > and Br < sub > 2 </ sub >, oxidizing agents such as organic peracids, chemical species that do not satisfy the octet rule such as carbenes and radicals, and some lewis acids such as BH < sub > 3 </ sub > and DIBAL.

In organic chemistry, propyl is a linear three-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula-C < sub > 3 </ sub > H < sub > 7 </ sub >.

One common stationary phase is a silica which has been surface-modified with RMe < sub > 2 </ sub > SiCl, where R is a straight chain alkyl group such as C < sub > 18 </ sub > H < sub > 37 </ sub > or C < sub > 8 </ sub > H < sub > 17 </ sub >.

A graph showing the relative reactivities of the different alkyl halides towards S < sub > N </ sub > 1 and S < sub > N </ sub > 2 reactions ( also see Table 1 ).

E1 eliminations happen with highly substituted alkyl halides due to 2 main reasons.

With primary alkyl halides, the alternative S < sub > N </ sub > 2 reaction occurs.

S < sub > N </ sub > 2 reactions are generally favored in primary alkyl halides or secondary alkyl halides with an aprotic solvent.

An alkoxy or aryloxy group bonded to an alkyl or aryl ( R < sup > 1 </ sup >— O — R < sup > 2 </ sup >) is an ether.

The chemical formula for TEOS is given by: Si ( OC < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub >)< sub > 4 </ sub >, or Si ( OR )< sub > 4 </ sub > where the alkyl group R = C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub >.

For example, glycerophospholipids are composed of a glycerol backbone linked to one of approximately 10 possible headgroups and also to 2 fatty acyl / alkyl chains, which in turn may have 30 or more different molecular structures.

Ethers () are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups — of general formula R – O – R '.

* inhalants – solvents, propellants and fumes of glues containing these, but also nitrous oxide ( laughing gas ), Poppers ( alkyl nitrites ), diethyl ether and others ( see also the section about them )

Usually, methyl groups are present at the carbons C-10 and C-13 – an alkyl side-chain at carbon C-17 may also be present.

* Nikolai Menshutkin discovers that a tertiary amine can be converted into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide – the Menshutkin reaction.

A side reaction of this synthesis, especially with alkyl iodides, is the Wurtz reaction, in which an R – Li species reacts with an R – X species forming an R-R coupled product.

The solvent, ether in this case, must be anhydrous ( free of moisture ) because the alkyl anions are so basic ( the pKa of the alkyl proton is 48 – 50 ) that they readily deprotonate water to hydroxide ion, forming alkanes, and reducing the yield of the desired product.

The Michaelis – Arbuzov reaction ( also called the Arbuzov reaction ) is the chemical reaction of a trialkyl phosphite and an alkyl halide to form a phosphonate.

The Michaelis – Arbuzov reaction is initiated with the S < sub > N </ sub > 2 reaction of the nucleophilic phosphite ( 1 ) with the electrophilic alkyl halide ( 2 ) to give a phosphonium intermediate ( 3 ).

The reaction of α-bromo-and α-chloroketones with phosphites yields a vinyl phosphate instead of an alkyl phosphonate – the Perkow reaction.

The Pummerer rearrangement is an organic reaction whereby an alkyl sulfoxide rearranges to an α-acyloxy – thioether in the presence of acetic anhydride.

The Corey – Posner, Whitesides – House synthesis ( also called the Corey – Posner, Whitesides – House reaction ) is an organic reaction that involves the reaction of a lithium dialkyl cuprate with an alkyl halide to form a new alkane, an organocopper compound and a lithium halide.

The Barton – McCombie deoxygenation is an organic reaction in which an hydroxy functional group in an organic compound is replaced by a hydride to give an alkyl group.