Major urban centers were at Dholavira, Kalibangan, Harappa, Lothal, Mohenjo-daro, and Rakhigarhi, as well as an offshoot called the Kulli culture ( 2500 – 2000 BCE ) in southern Balochistan, which had similar settlements, pottery and other artifacts.

Fleet, prompting an excavation campaign under Sir John Hubert Marshall in 1921 – 22 and resulting in the discovery of the civilization at Harappa by Sir John Marshall, Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni and Madho Sarup Vats, and at Mohenjo-daro by Rakhal Das Banerjee, E. J. H. MacKay, and Sir John Marshall.

* c. 2000 BC – Torso, from Harappa, Indus Valley Civilization, was made.

2000 BC, in Harappa, Pakistan, and in northwest India in 2250 – 1750 BC.

Excavations at Moenjodaro and Harappa – ancient cities of the Indus Valley civilization – have established that the inhabitants used spindles and spun a wide variety of weaving materials.

* 4th millennium BC – Harappa, the ancient city in India was built.

Harappa ( Urdu / Punjabi:, ) is an archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, about west of Sahiwal.

The two greatest cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BCE along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh.

The civilization, with a writing system, urban centers, and diversified social and economic system, was rediscovered in the 1920s after excavations at Mohenjo-daro ( which means " mound of the dead ") in Sindh near Sukkur, and Harappa, in west Punjab south of Lahore.

Although the archaeological site at Harappa was damaged in 1857 when engineers constructing the Lahore-Multan railroad ( as part of the Sind and Punjab Railway ), used brick from the Harappa ruins for track ballast, an abundance of artifacts has nevertheless been found.

The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, as the first of its cities to be unearthed was located at Harappa, excavated in the 1920s in what was at the time the Punjab province of British India ( now in Pakistan ).

The mature phase of this civilization is known as the Harappan Civilization, as the first of its cities to be unearthed was located at Harappa, excavated in the 1920s in what was at the time the Punjab province of British India ( now in Pakistan ).

Harappa was the center of one of the Oldest Civilizations Indus Valley Civilization located in central Punjab region | Punjab.

The remains of the ancient city Taxila, and many ornaments have been found in this regions which suggests that centered at Harappa in Punjab became a center of early civilization from around 3300 BC.

* Harappa ( Indus civilization, Punjab, northeast Pakistan )

The ancient city of Harappa was greatly destroyed under the British Raj, when bricks from the ruins were used as track ballast in the making of the Lahore-Multan Railroad.

A few months later, further north, John's brother William Brunton's " section of the line ran near another ruined city, bricks from which had already been used by villagers in the nearby village of Harappa at the same site.

The city is located near the historical and ancient cities of Uch and Harappa, which were once a stronghold of the Delhi Sultanate and Indus Valley Civilisation.

Impressions of clay seals from the Indus Valley city of Harappa were evidently used to seal bundles of merchandise, as clay seal impressions with cord or sack marks on the reverse side testify.

* Aspects related to Harappa an archaeological site ( c. 3300-1600 BC ) and city in northeast Pakistan

Impressions of clay seals from the Indus Valley city of Harappa were evidently used to seal bundles of merchandise, as clay seal impressions with cord or sack marks on the reverse side testify.

Other more recent findings, dated between 7, 000 and 6, 395 BC, come from Jericho, Catal Hüyük, and the ancient Indus Valley cities of Buhen, Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, and Mehrgarh.

First activities were linked to irrigation and flood control, as demonstrated by traces of dykes, dams, and canals dating back to at least 2000 BCE that were found in ancient Egypt, ancient Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent, as well as around the early settlements of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa in the Indus valley.

Harappa, Indus Valley Civilization

* 3300 — Bronze Age starts in Indus Valley ( Harappa )

The first objects unearthed from Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, were small stone seals inscribed with elegant depictions of animals, including a unicorn-like figure, and marked with Indus script writing which still baffles scholars.

Distinct characteristics of urban planning from remains of the cities of Harappa, Lothal, and Mohenjo-daro in the Indus Valley Civilization ( in modern-day northwestern India and Pakistan ) lead archeologists to conclude that they are the earliest examples of deliberately planned and managed cities.

In India, Bronze Age swastika symbols were found at Lothal and Harappa, on Indus Valley seals ..

Recent archaeological discoveries in Harappa and Chanhu-daro suggest that sericulture, employing wild silk threads from native silkworm species, existed in South Asia during the time of the Indus Valley Civilization, roughly contemporaneous with the earliest known silk use in China.

Lingam-yonis have been recovered from the archeological sites at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, part of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Wheeler had made a name for himself excavating the Indus Valley civilisation sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro and unlike Childe was recognised as a particularly good field archaeologist.

At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and northwards to an outpost in Bactria, with major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi.

Considering these fortifications and the structure of other major Indus valley cities like Harappa, it is postulated that Mohenjo-daro was an administrative center.

Both Harappa and Mohenjo-daro share relatively the same architectural layout, and were generally not heavily fortified like other Indus Valley sites.

An Indus seal from Harappa depicts the upside-down nude female figure with legs outspread and a plant issuing from the womb.

By 2600 BC, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization ( present day Pakistan ), were built with blocks divided by a grid of straight streets, running north-south and east-west.

He was responsible for the excavation that led to the discovery of Harappa and Mohenjodaro, two of the main cities that comprise the Indus Valley Civilization.

The earliest evidence of urban sanitation was seen in Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and the recently discovered Rakhigarhi of Indus Valley civilization.

* Indus Valley Civilization ( also known as Harappan civilization or Sindu-Sarasvati civilization ) began in Harappa

Villages with domesticated cattle, sheep, and goats and evidence of agriculture began as early as 6000 BC, and gradually developed between c. 4000 and 1500 BC beginning with the Indus Valley Civilization and Harappa Culture to the Vedic period ; extending into the Iron Age.

* The architecture of the ancient Indus Valley civilization of Harappa

The complex can be compared to proto-urban settlements in the Helmand basin at Mundigak in western Afghanistan and Shahr-i Shōkhta in eastern Iran, or at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro in the Indus Valley.