One of the greatest Homerists of our time, Frederick M. Combellack, argues that when it is assumed The Iliad and The Odyssey are oral poems, the postulated single redactor called Homer cannot be either credited with or denied originality in choice of phrasing.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

* Homer, Iliad II, 819 – 21 ; V, 217 – 575 ; XIII, 455 – 544 ; XX, 75 – 352 ;

* Homer, Iliad ;

A relationship between objects of art described by Homer and the Mycenaean treasure was generally allowed, and a correct opinion prevailed that, while certainly posterior, the civilization of the Iliad was reminiscent of the Mycenaean.

The Aegis (), as stated in the Iliad, is the shield or buckler or breastplate, of Athena or Zeus, which, according to Homer was fashioned by Hephaestus.

Pope: " Thus on a roe the well-breath'd beagle flies, And rends his hide fresh-bleeding with the dart " The Iliad of Homer ( 1715 – 20 ) Book XV: 697 – 8

The first line of Homer ’ s Iliad —“ Sing, goddess, the wrath of Peleus ’ son Achilles ”— provides an example:

Finally, even after accepting the various alterations admitted by Homer, some lines remain impossible to scan, e. g. Iliad I. 108 “ not a good word spoken nor brought to pass ”:

This may take the form of a purpose ( as in Milton, who proposed " to justify the ways of God to men "); of a question ( as in the Iliad, which Homer initiates by asking a Muse to sing of Achilles ' anger ); or of a situation ( as in the Song of Roland, with Charlemagne in Spain ).

** Iliad, ascribed to Homer ( Greek mythology )

** The Whole Works of Homer Prince of Poets by George Chapman ( 1616 ) a retelling of the Iliad and Odyssey in iambic rhyming couplets: the Iliad in iambic heptameter, and the Odyssey in iambic pentameter.

* Homer ’ s Iliad

* Homer, Iliad xiv. 274 – 9 ; xix. 259f.

Homer expressed her relationship with Zeus delicately in the Iliad, in which she declares to Zeus, " I am Cronus ' eldest daughter, and am honourable not on this ground only, but also because I am your wife, and you are king of the gods.

* 700 BC: Epic poem Iliad by Homer, earliest account on the continent.

In the Western classical tradition, Homer (;, Hómēros ) is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest ancient Greek epic poet.

The idea that Homer was responsible for just the two outstanding epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, did not win consensus until 350 BC.

One view which attempts to bridge the differences holds that the Iliad was composed by " Homer " in his maturity, while the Odyssey was a work of his old age.

" Samuel Butler argues, based on literary observations, that a young Sicilian woman wrote the Odyssey ( but not the Iliad ), an idea further pursued by Robert Graves in his novel Homer's Daughter and Andrew Dalby in Rediscovering Homer.

Aristotle ( Metaphysics 983b – 987a ) believed that the question of first causes may even have started with Hesiod ( Theogony 116 – 53 ) and Homer ( Iliad 14. 201, 246 ).

It is best known for being the focus of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer.

According to Greek source, the original name of the Lydian kingdom was Maionia ( Μαιονία ), or Maeonia: Homer ( Iliad ii.

Homer describes their capital not as Sardis but as Hyde ( Iliad xx.

The quest of the historical Homer is likely never to have further success ; ;

* Homer, Odyssey I, 28-31 ; XI, 385-464 ;

This takes its beginning from Homer ’ s account, but it is then embroidered ; in particular, Circe ’ s love for Ulysses remains unrequited.

In the following stage, the poets Hesiod and Homer attempt to enumerate the Gods ; Hesiod's Theogony giving the number of twelve.

Despite its explicitly Christian nature, Clement's work draws on Stoic philosophy and pagan literature ; Homer alone is cited over sixty times in the work.

In Homer, her saffron-coloured robe is embroidered or woven with flowers ; rosy-fingered and with golden arms, she is pictured on Attic vases as a beautiful woman, crowned with a tiara or diadem and with the large white-feathered wings of a bird.

Herodotus estimates that Homer lived 400 years before Herodotus ' own time, which would place him at around 850 BC ; while other ancient sources claim that he lived much nearer to the supposed time of the Trojan War, in the early 12th century BC.

Some of the main trends in modern Homeric scholarship have been, in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Analysis and Unitarianism ( see Homeric Question ), schools of thought which emphasized on the one hand the inconsistencies in, and on the other the artistic unity of, Homer ; and in the 20th century and later Oral Theory, the study of the mechanisms and effects of oral transmission, and Neoanalysis, the study of the relationship between Homer and other early epic material.

The cardinal qualities of the style of Homer are well articulated by Matthew Arnold: he translator of Homer should above all be penetrated by a sense of four qualities of his author :— that he is eminently rapid ; that he is eminently plain and direct, both in the evolution of his thought and in the expression of it, that is, both in his syntax and in his words ; that he is eminently plain and direct in the substance of his thought, that is, in his matter and ideas ; and finally, that he is eminently noble.

Hesiod ( or ;, Hēsíodos ) was a Greek oral poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.

* 1892 – Homer Plessy is arrested for refusing to leave his seat in the " whites-only " car of a train ; he would lose the resulting court case, Plessy v. Ferguson.

In Iliad XVIII, when Thetis cries out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for the slain Patroclus:

Though she does not appear among the lists of nereids in Iliad XVIII or Bibliotheke 1. 2. 7, such an ancient island nymph in other contexts might gain any of various Olympian parentages: she was thought of as a daughter of Poseidon with any of several primordial sea-goddesses — with whom she might be identified herself — notably Halia or Amphitrite.

In Book XVIII of the Iliad, Polydamas advises the Trojans to retire from the battlefield after the death of Patroclus.

The Dipylon Geometric pottery of Athens and the Iliad are amazing manifestations of the inherent potentialities of Greek civilization ; ;

no individual word in The Iliad or The Odyssey can be credited to any one man ; ;

The tomb of Myrine is mentioned in the Iliad ; later interpretation made of her an Amazon: according to Diodorus, Queen Myrine led her Amazons to victory against Libya and much of Gorgon.

* In Iliad Menelaos kills a minor character, Pylaimenes, in combat ; but later he is still alive to witness the death of his son.

* In Iliad 9. 165-93 three characters, Phoinix, Odysseus, and Aias set out on an embassy to Achilleus ; however, at line 182 the poet uses a verb in the dual form to indicate that there are only two people going ; at lines 185ff.

Unlike later writers, Homeric lines more commonly employ the feminine caesura ; an example occurs in Iliad I. 5 “... and every bird ; thus the plan of Zeus came to fulfillment ”:

The other Strife is presumably she who appears in Homer's Iliad Book IV ; equated with Enyo as sister of Ares and so presumably daughter of Zeus and Hera:

The Greek language holds an important place in the histories of Europe, the more loosely defined Western world, and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes works of monumental importance and influence for the future Western canon, such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey.

They later had two children, Andromache and Agamemnon Schliemann ; he reluctantly allowed them to be baptized, but solemnized the ceremony in his own way by placing a copy of the Iliad on the children's heads and reciting one hundred hexameters.

An analysis of the structure and vocabulary of the Iliad and Odyssey shows that the poems contain many formulaic phrases typical of extempore epic traditions ; even entire verses are at times repeated.

There is no strong antipathy of race or religion ; the war turns on no political events ; the capture of Troy lies outside the range of the Iliad ; and even the protagonists are not comparable to the chief national heroes of Greece.

740 BC, appears to refer to a text of the Iliad ; likewise, illustrations seemingly inspired by the Polyphemus episode in the Odyssey are found on Samos, Mykonos and in Italy, dating from the first quarter of the seventh century BC.

The brief allusion to the Judgment in the Iliad ( 24. 25 – 30 ) shows that the episode initiating all the subsequent action was already familiar to its audience ; a fuller version was told in the Cypria, a lost work of the Epic Cycle, of which only fragments ( and a reliable summary ) remain.