The Jeep has been widely imitated around the world, including in France by Delahaye and by Hotchkiss et Cie ( after 1954, Hotchkiss manufactured Jeeps under license from Willys ), and in Japan by Mitsubishi Motors and Toyota.

Maria Hotchkiss was the widow of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss, who founded the French arms company Hotchkiss et Cie, made famous by the use of its machine guns in World War I.

Société Anonyme des Anciens Etablissements Hotchkiss et Cie was a French arms and, in the 20th Century, automobile manufacturer first established by United States gunsmith Benjamin B. Hotchkiss.

de: Hotchkiss et Cie

The term " Hotchkiss gun " also refers to the Hotchkiss Revolving Cannon, a revolving barrel machine gun invented in 1872 by Benjamin B. Hotchkiss ( 1826 – 1885 ), founder of Hotchkiss et Cie.

In 1867, Hotchkiss moved to France and set up a munitions factory, first in Viviez, near Rodez, then in Saint-Denis, near Paris, named Hotchkiss et Cie. At about this time, he developed a revolving barrel machine gun ( in French: " canon-revolver ") known as the Hotchkiss gun ; the gun was made in four sizes from 37 mm to 57 mm, the largest intended for naval use.

This view is supported by the earlier work of Hotchkiss et al.

It was manufactured by the French arms company Hotchkiss et Cie, which had been established in the 1860s by American industrialist Benjamin B. Hotchkiss.

During the Civil War munitions were made here, and it was then in the shops of the Hotchkiss Company in this village that the Hotchkiss explosive shell for rifled guns was invented, which led to the expansion of the company and its removal to Bridgeport.

In December 1914, French aviator Roland Garros asked Saulnier to install his synchronization gear on Garros ' Morane-Saulnier Type L. Unfortunately the gas-operated Hotchkiss machine gun he was provided had an erratic rate of fire and it was impossible to synchronize it with a spinning propeller.

By the end of the 1920s, AC produced a 2 liter six, the 3. 5 liter Nazzaro had a three-valve OHC ( only until 1922 ), while French makers Amilcar, Bignan, Hispano-Suiza, and Samson had the typical small four-cylinder sporters and Delage, Hotchkiss, and Chenard-Walcker the large tourers.

In December 1914, French pilot Roland Garros approached Saulnier to arrange for this device to be installed on his aeroplane but it was not until March 1915 that he took to the air with a forward-firing Hotchkiss 8 mm (. 323 in ) machine gun mounted on his Morane-Saulnier Type L. In addition to the armoured blades, Garros's mechanic, Jules Hue, attached deflector wedges to the blades.

The French Army fielded a ground version of the Hotchkiss Canon de 37 mm used by the French Navy.

The French military at the time considered the Chauchat's performance as inferior in comparison to the reliable heavy Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun.

The Germans had on this front only relatively few obsolete French Hotchkiss H35 and Somua S35 tanks that they had acquired during occupation, consequently the M3's inferior tank-to-tank capabilities were of limited importance.

** Hotchkiss H35 ( H38, H39 ), a French light tank developed prior to World War II by the Hotchkiss company

At the turn-of-the-twentieth-century, the company introduced the gas-actuated Hotchkiss machine gun, a sturdy and reliable weapon which was widely used during World War I and thereafter by the French Army.

In 1954, Hotchkiss purchased French manufacturer Delahaye, closing down their automotive line but continuing to produce Hotchkiss-Delahaye trucks for a few months before eliminating the Delahaye name completely.

In 1956, Hotchkiss merged with French car manufacturer Brandt, producing jeeps at their factory near Paris for the French military until 1966.

In the early 1970s, the Hotchkiss marque disappeared, as the French conglomerate came to be known as Thomson-Brandt.

Supported by intense artillery and mortar fire, the 1057th Grenadier Regiment and the 100th Panzer Replacement Battalion ( 100. Panzer Ersatz und Ausbildungs Abteilung, a training unit with captured French tanks, including 19 R-35, 8 Hotchkiss H38, 1 CharB1 bis and 1 Somua as well as 3 obsolete German Pzkpfw III tanks.

The standard French light machine gun, the Hotchkiss, was also most unamenable to synchronisation due to rounds " hanging fire " – the Morane-Saulnier company designed a " safety backup " in the form of " deflector blades " ( metal wedges ) fitted to the propeller at the point where they would be struck by a bullet.

Additional suspension components, such as trailing arms, would be needed for this design, but not for " semi-elliptical " leaf springs as used in the Hotchkiss drive.

The Hotchkiss gun can refer to different products of the Hotchkiss arms company starting in the late 19th century.

The first gun purchased by the U. S. military from the French arms firm of Hotchkiss was employed against the Nez Percés in 1877.

In contrast, the Hotchkiss drive has the traction forces transmitted to the car frame by using other suspension components such as leaf springs or trailing arms.

The Type 11 Light Machine Gun was a design by famed arms designer Kijirō Nambu, based on a modification of the French Hotchkiss machine gun.

If the vehicle does not have adequate wheel location in the vertical plane ( such as a rear-wheel drive car with Hotchkiss drive, a live axle supported by simple leaf springs ), vertical forces exerted by acceleration or hard braking combined with high unsprung mass can lead to severe wheel hop, compromising traction and steering control.

After crashing California senator Dick Hotchkiss ' car in response to the senator championing a ban of controversial video games and music, Cage's hideout is raided during a party by a SWAT team and he is tranquilized.

Tintin and Snowy escape by car to the border with Nuevo-Rico, but come under fire by Nuevo-Rican border guards with a Hotchkiss M1914 and a Pak 38.

** Hotchkiss ( car ), a product of the Hotchkiss company

The first Hotchkiss car, a 17 CV ( 13 kW ) four-cylinder model, appeared in 1903.

Delage was absorbed into Hotchkiss along with Delahaye in 1954, and car manufacturing ended.

The 1984 – 1987 RWD Toyota Corolla ( i. e., Corolla SR5 and GT-S ) coupe is another example of a car that uses a 2-part Hotchkiss driveshaft with a rubber-mounted center bearing.

The Amilcar Compound is a front wheel drive car with unitary body / chassis introduced shortly before World War II by Amilcar after their takeover by Hotchkiss.

Government strategy did not wholly exclude Hotchkiss from auto-making, but it did pigeon hole the company ’ s auto-making activities: these were to be restricted to those of a niche ( probably luxury car ) manufacturer focused on export sales.

The car was sold on the British market as the Hotchkiss Ten.

In the 1880s, Hotchkiss, Mayo & Meek Ltd was established in Coventry as a manufacturer of bicycles.

One of the German MGs was put out of action allowing a position to be established and Hotchkiss Machine guns set up on the rail embankment.

On April 23, 1902 three Friends — Arthur Chilson, Edgar Hole, and Willis Hotchkiss — set sail from New York to Mombasa, Kenya.

One U. S. officer gave the command to open fire, and the Sioux responded by taking up previously confiscated weapons ; the U. S. forces responded with carbine firearms and several rapid-fire light-artillery ( Hotchkiss ) guns mounted on the overlooking hill.

* One witness from Arkansas – allegedly a former state senator Harris – was supposedly told by an airship pilot ( during the tensions leading up to the Spanish American War ) that the craft was bound for Cuba, to use its " Hotchkiss gun " to " kill Spaniards ".

The idea for the event can be traced back to 1919, when Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman came up with the concept for a women's team competition.

A battalion of the 51st Iowa was brought up on the right flank as support, and four guns from the Utah Light Artillery, and a Hotchkiss gun of the 6th U. S. Artillery were brought up also.

) In the Hotchkiss drive, slip-splines or a plunge-type ( ball and trunnion u-joint ) eliminate thrust transmitted back up the driveshaft from the axle, allowing simple rear-axle positioning using parallel leaf springs.

The Type 92 Heavy Machine Gun, a scaled up Type 3 chambered for 7. 7mm, was also based on the Hotchkiss design.

Then in 1892, she founded the Hotchkiss Library in Sharon, Connecticut, where her husband had grown up and worked as an ordnance engineer in his father's factory.

Gerald Zamponi, professor and head of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and member of the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, says, “ This technology can likely be scaled up such that it will become a novel tool for medium throughput drug screening, in addition to its usefulness for basic biomedical research ”.