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* Improvements in mathematical modeling of surfaces, allowing greater design control
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Improvements and modeling
Improvements in computer modeling, materials and the application of statistics, probability analysis, and new technologies like horizontal drilling and enhanced oil recovery, have drastically improved the toolbox of the petroleum engineer in recent decades.
Improvements in numerical modeling, observations gathered by satellites and Doppler weather radars ( NEXRAD ), and sophisticated weather warning and information processing and communications systems, have collectively led to significantly improved severe weather forecasts and warnings.
Improvements and surfaces
Improvements include continuously variable valve timing, variable intake system, silent timing chain, hollow and lighter camshafts and friction reduction ( microfinished surfaces, moly coated pistons ).
Improvements and allowing
Improvements to playable characters in the game included the ability to move bodies, knock out enemies, handle explosives, and allowing all characters to drive vehicles and use collected weapons ( paving the way for the Driver's expulsion from the series in the next installment ).
Improvements in target discrimination not only allows for 5 to 8 times longer head-on firing range than the AIM9, it can also engage targets behind the launching aircraft, the latter made possible by the extreme close-in agility allowing turns of 60 g at a rate of 60 °/ s.
Improvements were made in the condition of old-age pensioners by allowing small incomes from savings to be disregarded in calculating the pension due.
Improvements in this fixture include improved optics, 360 degree barrel rotation, a specialized yoke design allowing for rapid tool-free short yoking, a quick change lamp and improved heat dissipation technology and design integration.
Improvements and greater
Improvements in technology since then have resulted in greater use of the smaller arrays, by sites such as the Côte d ' Azur Observatory in Grasse, France ; and the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation ( APOLLO ) at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico.
Improvements to the powerloom in the early 1840s, together with the construction of the first railway line into Blackburn in 1846, led to much greater investment in powerlooms in the town in the second half of that decade.
Improvements in modern hard drives such as RAM cache, faster platter rotation speed, command queuing ( SCSI TCQ / SATA NCQ ), and greater data density reduce the negative impact of fragmentation on system performance to some degree, though increases in commonly used data quantities offset those benefits.
Improvements in the channel by the last two decades of the century led to greater commercial traffic.
Improvements in the ability to train horses soon allowed them to be used to pull chariots, possibly as early as 2100 BC, and their greater speed and power made chariots even more efficient.
Improvements that change the culture take longer as they have to overcome greater resistance to change.
Improvements and design
Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance led to an increased usefulness of the trumpet as a musical instrument.
Improvements in combustion chamber design and piston form enabled lighter V8 engines to surpass the V12 in power starting from the 1930s ; only the smaller, H-Series Lincoln V-12 remained after WWII and it was replaced by a V8 in 1949.
Improvements in design and machining technology has allowed for major advancements in compressor efficiency, as well as bearing and seal design.
Improvements to the design since then have allowed them to surpass their initial design goals.
Improvements in both the laser system and hohlraum design are expected to improve the energy absorbed by the capsule to about 420 kJ, which, in turn, could generate up to 100-150 MJ of fusion energy.
Improvements in crampon design ( pioneered by Eckenstein in 1908 ) and ice climbing technique led to use of shorter, lighter ice axes appropriate to steeper ice climbs in the period between the world wars.
Improvements in the design of protective athletic gear such as helmets may decrease the number and severity of such injuries.
Improvements in the azimuth bearing material and design can minimize the problem, but not eliminate it.
Improvements in the epitaxial growth, processing, device design, and packaging led to individual large-aperture VCSELs emitting several hundreds of milliwatts by 1998.
Improvements to the engine included a new camshaft and valve springs, and twin SU 2 " HD8 carburetors, together with a new design of exhaust system.
Improvements in hardware and system design can be used to significantly reduce the risks of any encryption system being compromised, but many systems once thought secure have been proven vulnerable to sufficiently sophisticated and malicious attackers.
Improvements continued to the basic Elite design ; this included rear lighting, rear emergency door and subtle changes to the front grill.
Improvements in tool design have been shown to cause substantial improvements in productivity and quality.
Improvements in the design of the G7e / T2 were incorporated into the production of the next model of electric torpedo for Germany's U-boat fleet.
Improvements and control
Improvements in software and hardware, and rapidly lowering costs, popularized desktop publishing and enabled very fine control of typeset results much less expensively than the minicomputer dedicated systems.
Improvements include drivetrains analogous to ( in automobiles ) an automatic transmission instead of a manual transmission such as the early Euclid C-6 and TC-12 or Model C Tournadozer, blade movement controlled by hydraulic cylinders or electric motors instead of early models ' cable winch / brake, and automatic grade control.
* 1995: Improvements made to the transaxle, a modification to the optional remote keyless entry system and the addition of ' thumb-touch ' acceleration and cancel features, placed on the steering wheel spokes, to the cruise control.
Improvements to the COTAC APX M-508 fire control system included the installation of a laser rangefinder and a low-light TV ( LLTV ).
mathematical and modeling
More complex mathematical modeling continues to be done today.
Multi-disciplinary in nature, control systems engineering activities focus on implementation of control systems mainly derived by mathematical modeling of systems of a diverse range.
It seeks to understand physical systems, using mathematical modeling, in terms of inputs, outputs and various components with different behaviors ; use control systems design tools to develop controllers for those systems ; and implement controllers in physical systems employing available technology.
A system can be mechanical, electrical, fluid, chemical, financial and even biological, and the mathematical modeling, analysis and controller design uses control theory in one or many of the time, frequency and complex-s domains, depending on the nature of the design problem.
** Langevin dynamics, a mathematical model for stochastic dynamics ; used in modeling molecules, yet also the stock market and other systems
** Atmospheric dispersion modeling, mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere
* Statistical arbitrage: identifying pricing inefficiencies between securities through mathematical modeling techniques
Where objective measurement is desired, light levels can be quantified by field measurement or mathematical modeling, with results typically displayed as an isophote map or light contour map.
One recent mathematical modeling study has suggested that the optical properties of the cristae in filamentous mitochondria may affect the generation and propagation of light within the tissue.
Some CAD software is capable of dynamic mathematical modeling, in which case it may be marketed as CADD.
Traditionally, the formal modeling of systems has been via a mathematical model, which attempts to find analytical solutions enabling the prediction of the behaviour of the system from a set of parameters and initial conditions.
Most engineering simulations entail mathematical modeling and computer assisted investigation.
There are many cases, however, where mathematical modeling is not reliable.
The Space Shuttle vehicle hardware and related GSE hardware is simulated by mathematical models ( written in Shuttle Ground Operations Simulator ( SGOS ) modeling language ) that behave and react like real hardware.
Employing techniques from other mathematical sciences, such as mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, and mathematical optimization, operations research arrives at optimal or near-optimal solutions to complex decision-making problems.
In mathematics, the phrase up to is useful for modeling fundamental concepts within a realm of mathematical inquiry, and can be compared with the phrase " all other things being equal " in other disciplines.
A mathematical expression for the directivity of a complex shape, based on modeling combinations of point sources, is usually not possible, but in the far field, the directivity of a loudspeaker with a circular diaphragm is close to that of a flat circular piston, so it can be used as an illustrative simplification for discussion.
Typical work includes collaborating with scientists, providing mathematical modeling, simulations, designing randomized experiements and randomized sampling plans, analyzing experimental or survey results, and forecasting future events ( such as sales of a product ).
Faculty also taught courses in mathematical programming, transportation economics, labor economics, energy and ecological policy modeling, spatial statistics, spatial interaction theory and models, benefit / cost analysis, urban and regional analysis, and economic development theory, among others.
Includes instruction in biology, chemistry, physics, geosciences, climatology, statistics, and mathematical modeling.
It was proposed by Herbert A. Simon as an alternative basis for the mathematical modeling of decision making, as used in economics and related disciplines ; it complements rationality as optimization, which views decision-making as a fully rational process of finding an optimal choice given the information available.
Primarily, this is because the periodicity of atoms in a crystal — its defining characteristic — facilitates mathematical modeling.
Computational biology involves the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems.
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