The Ottoman Dynasty ( or the Imperial House of Osman ) () ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I ( not counting his father, Ertuğrul ), though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan.

He was released in 1299, became a wealthy merchant, married and had three children.

* Anna Palaiologina ( c. 1260 – 1299 / 1300 ), who married Demetrios / Michael Komnenos Doukas, third son of Michael II of Epirus

# Margaret ( 1273 – 31 December 1299 ), Countess of Anjou and Maine, married at Corbeil 16 August 1290 to Charles of Valois

In 1337 Edmund ’ s grandson, Henry of Grosmont ( c. 1299 – 1361 ), afterwards Duke of Lancaster, was created Earl of Derby, and this title was taken by Edward III's son, John of Gaunt, who had married Henry ’ s daughter, Blanche.

# Edward I ( 1239 – 1307 ), married Eleanor of Castile ( 1241 – 1290 ) in 1254, by whom he had issue, including his heir Edward II ; he married Margaret of France in 1299, by whom he had issue.

** Elizabeth Comyn ( 1 November 1299 – 20 November 1372 ), married to Richard Talbot, Lord Talbot

# Elisabeth ( d. after 30 October 1308 ), married in 1299 to Count Albert II of Gorizia.

He married by proxy at the Château de Bourbon on 29 November 1328 and in person at Santa Sophia, Nicosia on 15 – 30 January 1330 Marie of Bourbon ( 1315 – 1387 in Naples and buried there ), Princess of Achaia – later remarried on 9 September 1347 in Naples to Prince Robert II of Tarento ( 1299 / 1319 – 10 September 1364 in Naples and buried there ), Titular Emperor of Constantinople in 1343, etc., without issue – and they left one son:

Henry was married to Constance of Montcada ( d. 1299 ), daughter of Gaston VII of Montcada, Viscount of Béarn, on 5 May 1269 at Windsor Castle.

In 1299 Andronikos II Palaiologos married his daughter Simonis to Milutin and the lands he had conquered were considered as a dowry gift.

# Elena, married to Chaka, emperor of Bulgaria 1299 – 1300.

After the peace between his father and Stefan Milutin in 1292, Michael Shishman was engaged to Milutin's daughter Anna Neda and they married in 1298 or 1299.

Ravi Varma Kulasekhara ( 1299 – 1313 ) was a feudatory of the Pandya ruler Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I ( 1268 – 1308 ) and married one of his daughters.

* Matilda ( died 23 April 1299 / 19 November 1300 ), married to Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel.

* Isabella of Lusignan ( 1234 – 14 January 1299 ), lady of Beauvoir-sur-Mer et de Mercillac, married ( 1st ) Maurice IV de Craon ( 1224 / 1239 – soon before 27 May 1250 / 1277 ) ( 2nd ) Geoffrey de Rancon, seigneur of Taillebourg.

In Villani's story's Emperor Kassan of the Tartars thus defeated the Sultan of Egypt in 1299.

Shortly thereafter, Osman declared himself a Sultan and established the Ottoman Dynasty, becoming the first Sultan of the Ottoman Empire in 1299.

During the second reign of Sultan Al-Nasir Mohammed from 1299 to 1309 he was the Vice-Sultan of Egypt.

** 1351-1358 Niki Yoriaki ( 1299 – 1359 )

He seemed at first inclined to press a quarrel with the Kingdom of France over the Burgundian frontier, but the refusal of Pope Boniface VIII to recognize his election led him to change his policy, and, in 1299, he made a treaty with King Philip IV, by which his son Rudolph was to marry Blanche, a daughter of the French king.

His first marriage, in 1290, was to Margaret, Countess of Anjou, ( 1274 – 1299 ), daughter of King Charles II of Naples.

Peace was concluded in 1299 when Milutin kept the conquered lands as the dowry of Simonis, daughter of Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos who became his 4th wife.

# Prince Dmitry of Tver ( 1299 – 1326 )

* Blessed Prince Theodore of Smolensk and Yaroslavl ( 1299 ) and his children Saints David and Constantine ca ( 1322 )

* Daumantas of Pskov, Prince of Pskov ( 1266 – 1299 )

The Foundation and Rise of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299 – 29 May 1453 ) refers to the period which started with the weakening of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm in the very early 14th century and ended with the Byzantine Empire decline and the Fall of Constantinople on May 29, 1453.

In 1299 the Bulgarian government attempted unsuccessfully to make an alliance with Stefan Milutin to the exclusion of the latter's projected alignment with the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos.

Disputes began between Milutin and his brother Stefan Dragutin after a peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire was signed in 1299.

Nevertheless, the first direct mention of playing cards was in 1299 in a manuscript written in Siena titled " Trattato del governo della familia di Pipozzo di Sandro ", in which the existence of naibbe is mentioned, which is the first term used for playing cards ( naipes in Spanish ), originating from the Arabic word naib (` deputy ') suggesting the name of the game -` the Game of Deputies '.

Three other monuments are those of Cardinal Matteo d ' Acquasparta ( Matthew of Acquaspa ) at the Santa Maria in Aracoeli, the tomb of Bishop Gonsalvi ( 1298 ) and that of Cardinal Gonsalvo ( 1299 ) ( both located at the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore ), all sculpted by Giovanni de Cosma, the youngest of the Cosmati family lineage.

His son, also called Henry ( 1299 – 1352 ), continued the building.

Besides carrying out his political duties ( embassies to Cilicia in 1295 and to Serbia in 1299 ), Metochites continued to study and to write.

* William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas ( c. 1240 – 1299 ), Governor of Berwick Castle, Scottish warrior and freedom-fighter

Kaidu tried to restore his influence in the Golden Horde by sponsoring his own candidate Kobeleg against Bayan ( r. 1299 – 1304 ), Khan of the White Horde.

Charles ’ s sons Robert and Philip landed in Sicily, but after capturing Catania were defeated by Frederick, Philip being taken prisoner ( 1299 ), while several Calabrian towns were captured by the Sicilians.

A number of kings such as Kodai Kerala Varma, Udaya Martanda Varma ( 1175 – 1195 ), Vira Rama Kerala Varma, Ravi Kerala Varma, Ravivarma Kulasekhara ( 1299 – 1314 ), Vira Marthanda Varma ruled over the kingdom.

Struggling for influence within the Golden Horde, Kaidu sponsored his own candidate Kobeleg against Bayan ( r. 1299 – 1304 ), the khan of the White Horde.

Count Floris V of Holland and Zeeland ( 24 June 1254 – 27 June 1296 ), " der Keerlen God " ( God of the Peasants ), is one of the most important figures of the first, native dynasty of Holland ( 833 – 1299 ).

During state occasions such as the first entry of Margaret of France ( second wife of King Edward I ), into London in September 1299, the conduits of Cheapside customarily flowed with wine.

# Hethum II ( b. 14 January 1266 / 13 January 1267 – murdered 7 November 1307 ), King of Armenia ( ruled 1289 to 1293, 1294 to 1297, 1299 to 1307 ).

# Sempad ( b. 12 January 1276 / 11 January 1277 – d. 1310 or 1311 ), King of Armenia ( ruled 1297 to 1299 ).

1308 ), King of Armenia ( ruled 1299 ).

The combined forces achieved a major victory at the December 1299 Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar ( sometimes called the Battle of Homs ), taking Damascus, and Hethum was able to regain all of the Armenian territory which had previously been lost to the Mamluks.

He is believed to have been born in the West of England, took the monastic vow ( Benedictine ), at Chester in 1299, and seems to have travelled over the north of England.