Throughout the Middle Ages, Schleswig was a source of rivalry between Denmark and the nobility of the duchy of Holstein within the Holy Roman Empire.

Gerhard VI died in 1404, and soon afterwards war broke out between his sons and Eric of Pomerania, Margaret's successor on the throne of Denmark, who claimed South Jutland as an integral part of the Danish monarchy, a claim formally recognised by the emperor Sigismund in 1424, it was not till 1440 that the struggle ended with the investiture of Count Adolphus VIII, Gerhard VI's son, with the hereditary duchy of Schleswig by Christopher III of Denmark.

The Treaty of Ribe was a proclamation made by King Christian I of Denmark to a number of German nobles enabling himself to become count of Holstein-Rendsburg and regain the Danish duchy of Schleswig.

In 1713 the regent broke the stipulated neutrality of the duchy in favour of Sweden and Frederick IV of Denmark seized the excuse to expel the duke by force of arms.

The crown of Denmark could be inherited by female heirs ( see Louise of Hesse ); in the duchy of Holstein the Salic law had never been repealed and, in the event of a failure of male heirs to Christian VIII, the succession would pass to the Dukes of Augustenburg — although this was debatable as the dynasty itself had received Holstein by Christian I of Denmark being the son of the sister of the last Schauenburg, Adolphus VIII.

Frederick VII, who had succeeded his father at the end of January, declared ( March 4 ) that he had no right to deal in this way with Schleswig, and, yielding to the importunity of the Eider-Danish party, withdrew the rescript of January ( April 4 ) and announced to the people of Schleswig ( March 27 ) the promulgation of a liberal constitution under which the duchy, while preserving its local autonomy, would become an integral part of Denmark.

In an agreement with Prussia under the London Protocol of 1852, the Danish government in return undertook not to tie Schleswig more closely to Denmark than to the duchy of Holstein.

* Duchy of Schleswig – a historic duchy once part of the Kingdom of Denmark, now divided between Germany and Denmark

In 1773 Christian VII of Denmark surrendered Oldenburg to Catherine the Great in exchange for her son and heir Paul's share in the condominial royal-ducal government of the Duchy of Holstein and his claims to the ducal share in the government of the Duchy of Schleswig ; Oldenburg went to Frederick August, Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck, the representative of a younger branch of the family, and in 1777 the county was raised to the rank of a duchy.

The Gottorp branch held Landeshoheit ( sovereignty ) over the duchy of Holstein in the Holy Roman Empire and over the duchy of Schleswig in the kingdom of Denmark.

In 1544 the so-called " one-third duchy " was ceded to Adolf, third son of King Frederick I of Denmark and the youngest half-brother of King Christian III of Denmark.

By the Treaty of Roskilde ( 1658 ) and the Treaty of Copenhagen ( 1660 ), Denmark released Gottorp from its feudal bonds and recognized the sovereignty of its dukes over the Gottorp portions of the duchy of Schleswig.

In 1773 she agreed to cede the territorial claims of her son to the Holstein-Gottorp lands still held by Denmark, obtaining in exchange the German countships of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, elevated in 1776 into the duchy of Oldenburg within the Holy Roman Empire.

This duchy was then handed over from Prussia to Denmark, along with an additional payment of 3. 5 million talers.

In 1649 Christian's son and successor King Frederick III of Denmark had the seat of the Holstein administration moved to Glückstadt, whereafter the duchy became known as Holstein-Glückstadt.

The peace treaty stipulated that the duchy of Schleswig should not be treated any differently from the duchy of Holstein in its relations with the Kingdom of Denmark.

As a consequence of the last attack, Denmark ( one of few West European countries not occupied by Bonaparte ) lost its entire fleet and the island of Helgoland ( part of the duchy of Holstein-Gottorp ) to Britain.

Schleswig was a part of Denmark during the Viking Age, and became a Danish duchy in the 12th century.

He was born in the small Danish town of Rudkoebing on the island of Langeland in the south-central part of Denmark on August 14, 1777.

The university was the only one in Denmark and the status of professor represented the upper social level.

Finally, if the mission of the Trial was to convict anti-Semitism, how could it have failed to post before the world the contrasting fates of the countries in which the Final Solution was aided by native Jew-haters -- i.e., Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia -- and those in which it met the obstacle of human solidarity -- Denmark, Holland, Italy, Bulgaria, France??

Even when this elder brother first displayed symptoms of delicate health, the notion that he might die young was never taken seriously, and he was betrothed to the Princess Maria Feodorovna ( Dagmar of Denmark ).

He was the foremost politician and churchfather of Denmark in the second half of the 12th century, and was the closest advisor of King Valdemar I of Denmark.

Due to a name which is unusual in Denmark, it is speculated that he was christened on the Danish " Absalon " name day, October 30.

He grew up at the castle of his father, and was brought up alongside his older brother Esbern Snare and the young prince Valdemar, who later became King Valdemar I of Denmark.

Absalon's main political goal was to free Denmark from entanglements with the Holy Roman Empire.

When Valdemar returned to Denmark, he was convinced into strengthening the Danevirke fortifications at the German border, with the support of Absalon.

His policy of expansion was to give Denmark the dominion of the Baltic for three generations.

" Native Experience " was produced by Adrian Redmond of Channel 6 Television in Denmark.

Stroustrup has a master's degree in mathematics and computer science ( 1975 ) from the University of Aarhus, Denmark, and a Ph. D. in computer science ( 1979 ) from the University of Cambridge, England, where he was a student at Churchill College.

The market city municipalities were supervised by the county and not by the interior ministry as was the case in the rest of Denmark.

Bornholm Regional Municipality was not merged with other municipalities on 1 January 2007 as the result of the nationwide Kommunalreformen (" The Municipal Reform " of 2007 ), which is quite understandable, since the island, as can be seen on maps, is quite far from the rest of Denmark.

In Denmark, recent archaeological excavations at Lejre, where Scandinavian tradition located the seat of the Scyldings, i. e., Heorot, have revealed that a hall was built in the mid-6th century, exactly the time period of Beowulf.

By October 2007 bluetongue had become a serious threat in Scandinavia and Switzerland and the first outbreak in Denmark was reported.

The International Badminton Federation ( IBF ) ( now known as Badminton World Federation ) was established in 1934 with Canada, Denmark, England, France, the Netherlands, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales as its founding members.

According to the London IPO filings, the management team was Philippe Kahn as President, Spencer Ozawa as VP of Operations, Marie Bourget as CFO, and Spencer Leyton as VP of business development, while all software development was continuing to take place in Denmark and later London as the Danish co-founders moved there.

Key work on the traditional ballad was undertaken in the late 19th century in Denmark by Svend Grundtvig and for England and Scotland by the Harvard professor Francis James Child.

* 1864 – Battle of Dybbøl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig.

In addition, there is a small community of Danish speakers in Southern Schleswig, the portion of Germany bordering Denmark, where it is an officially recognised regional language, just as German is north of the border.

Three wars led to military successes and helped to convince German people to do this: the Second war of Schleswig against Denmark in 1864, the Austro-Prussian War against Austria in 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War against the Second French Empire in 1870 – 71.

His first experience of warfare came in 1849, when he served as a captain in the First War of Schleswig against Denmark.

Three wars led to military successes and helped to persuade German people to do this: the Second war of Schleswig against Denmark in 1864, the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War against France in 1870 – 71.

In 1863 – 64, disputes between Prussia and Denmark grew over Schleswig, which was not part of the German Confederation, and which Danish nationalists wanted to incorporate into the Danish kingdom.

The site of Hedeby is located in the Duchy of Schleswig, which was traditionally the personal territory of the kings of Denmark.

But the Kingdom of Denmark lost the area to Austria and Prussia in 1864 in the Second Schleswig War, and it is now in Germany.

* 1534 – Frederick II of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig ( d. 1588 )

* 1920 – A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.

They are believed to have originated from Jutland peninsula ( called Iutum in Latin ) in modern Denmark, Southern Schleswig ( Southern Jutland ) and part of the North Frisian coast in northern Germany.

During the 19th century, after Schleswig-Holstein had come under the government of Prussia ( from 1871 the German Empire ) following the Second Schleswig War in 1864, a combination of naval interests — the German navy wanted to link its bases in the Baltic and the North Sea without the need to sail around Denmark — and commercial pressure encouraged the development of a new canal.

The language area comprises the North German states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia ( the Westphalian part ), Bremen, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Saxony-Anhalt ( the northwestern areas around Magdeburg ) as well as the northeast of The Netherlands ( i. e. Dutch Low Saxon, spoken in Groningen, Drenthe, Overijssel and northern Gelderland ) and the Schleswigsch dialect spoken by the North Schleswig Germans in the southernmost part of Denmark.

* 1863 – King Christian IX of Denmark decides to sign the November constitution that declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark.

Nonetheless, Bismarck denounced Christian's decision to annex completely Schleswig to Denmark.

When Denmark refused, Austria and Prussia invaded, commencing the Second war of Schleswig and Denmark was forced to cede both duchies.

Denmark renounces all claim to Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg, which come under Prussian and Austrian administration.

* November 18 – King Christian IX of Denmark signs the November constitution, which declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark, regarded by the German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol of 1852, leading to the German – Danish war of 1864.

* March 24 – The First Schleswig War begins () or Three Years ' War () a military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-Holstein Question, contesting the issue of who should control the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.

* June 15 – A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.