There are DVG commands for positioning the cathode ray, for drawing a line to a specified destination, calling a subroutine with further commands, and so on.

The first hints of glass cockpits emerged in the 1970s when flight-worthy cathode ray tubes ( CRT ) screens began to replace electromechanical displays, gauges and instruments.

In electronic vacuum devices such as a cathode ray tube, the anode is the positively charged electron collector.

The word video in video game traditionally referred to a cathode ray tube ( CRT ) display device, but it now implies any type of display device that can produce two or three dimensional images.

The cathode ray tube ( CRT ) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun ( a source of electrons or electron emitter ) and a fluorescent screen used to view images.

High vacuum inside glass-walled cathode ray tubes permits electron beams to fly freely-without colliding into molecules of air.

Although modern cathode ray tubes used in televisions and computer displays have epoxy-bonded face-plates or other measures to prevent shattering of the envelope, CRTs must be handled carefully to avoid personal injury.

To take a different example, in the near-vacuum inside a cathode ray tube, the electrons travel in near-straight lines at about a tenth of the speed of light.

Using cathode ray tubes, Fred Williams would invent the Williams tube, which would be the first random access computer memory.

These are used in cathode ray tubes, found in televisions and computer monitors, and in electron microscopes.

Philipp Lenard also contributed a great deal to cathode ray theory, winning the Nobel prize for physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and their properties.

The technology of manipulating electron beams pioneered in these early tubes was applied practically in the design of vacuum tubes, particularly in the invention of the cathode ray tube by Ferdinand Braun in 1897. and is today employed in sophisticated devices such as electron microscopes, electron beam lithography, and particle accelerators.

* In vacuum tubes ( including cathode ray tubes ) it is the negative terminal where electrons flow in from the wiring and through the tube's near vacuum, constituting a positive current flowing out of the device.

Most radios and television sets prior to the 1970s used filament-heated-cathode electron tubes for signal selection and processing ; to this day, a hot cathode forms the source of the electron beam ( s ) in cathode ray tubes in many television sets and computer monitors.

The display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display ( TFT-LCD ) thin panel, while older monitors use a cathode ray tube ( CRT ) about as deep as the screen size.

Until the 21st century most used cathode ray tubes but they have largely been superseded by LCD monitors.

The first computer monitors used cathode ray tubes ( CRT ).

This method continued even when cathode ray tubes were manufactured as rounded rectangles ; it had the advantage of being a single number specifying the size, and was not confusing when the aspect ratio was universally 4: 3.

# REDIRECT cathode ray tube

Electrons are at the heart of cathode ray tubes, which have been used extensively as display devices in laboratory instruments, computer monitors and television sets.

In 1897, Karl Ferdinand Braun introduced the cathode ray tube as part of an oscilloscope, a crucial enabling technology for electronic television.

Vacuum tubes are still used in some specialist applications such as high power RF amplifiers, cathode ray tubes, specialist audio equipment and some microwave devices.

The cathode consisted of a 1/4'' '' diameter thoriated tungsten rod attached to a water cooled copper tube.

Argon was also blown at low velocities ( mass flow rate Af ) through a tube coaxial with the cathode as an additional precaution against contamination of the arc by air.

In a tube, the anode is a charged positive plate that collects the electrons emitted by the cathode through electric attraction.

If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, the glass opposite of the negative electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from and travelling perpendicular to the cathode ( the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply ).

Cathode rays are so named because they are emitted by the negative electrode, or cathode, in a vacuum tube.

To release electrons into the tube, they first must be detached from the atoms of the cathode.

In the early cold cathode vacuum tubes, called Crookes tubes, this was done by using a high electrical potential between the anode and the cathode to ionize the residual gas in the tube ; the ions were accelerated by the electric field and released electrons when they collided with the cathode.

Researchers noticed that objects placed in the tube in front of the cathode could cast a shadow on the glowing wall, and realized that something must be travelling in straight lines from the cathode.

After the electrons reach the anode, they travel through the anode wire to the power supply and back to the cathode, so cathode rays carry electric current through the tube.

The current in a beam of cathode rays through a tube can be controlled by passing it through a metal screen of wires ( a grid ) to which a small voltage is applied.

High speed beams of cathode rays can also be steered and manipulated by electric fields created by additional metal plates in the tube to which voltage is applied, or magnetic fields created by coils of wire ( electromagnets ).

In 1838, Michael Faraday passed a current through a rarefied air filled glass tube and noticed a strange light arc with its beginning at the cathode ( negative electrode ) and its end almost at the anode ( positive electrode ).

Crookes found that as he pumped more air out of the tubes, the Faraday dark space spread down the tube from the cathode toward the anode, until the tube was totally dark.

The heat transfer to the anode in free burning arcs is enhanced by a hot gas jet flowing from the cathode towards the anode with velocities up Af.

The pressure gradient producing the jet is due to the nature of the magnetic field in the arc ( rapid decrease of current density from cathode to the anode ).

It is apparent from the above and from experimental evidence that the cooling requirements for the anode of free burning arcs are large compared with those for the cathode.

The electron optical system ( see fig. 14-1 ) is based in principle on the focusing action of concentric spherical cathode and anode surfaces.

The current through a recharging battery is opposite to the direction of current during discharge ; In other words, the electrode which was the cathode during battery discharge becomes the anode while the battery is recharging.

An electrode through which current flows the other way ( out of the device ) is termed a cathode.

The flow of electrons is always from anode to cathode outside of the cell or device, regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode, with the exception of diodes, where electrode naming always assumes current in the forward direction ( that of the arrow symbol ), i. e., electrons flow in the opposite direction, even when the diode reverse-conducts either by accident ( breakdown of a normal diode ) or by design ( breakdown of a Zener diode, photo-current of a photodiode or solar cell ).

Internally the positively charged cations are flowing away from the anode ( even though it is negative and therefore would be expected to attract them, this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode and cathode metal / electrolyte systems ); but, external to the cell in the circuit, electrons are being pushed out through the negative contact and thus through the circuit by the voltage potential as would be expected.

The opposite of an anode is a cathode.

When the current through the device is reversed, the electrodes switch functions, so anode becomes cathode, while cathode becomes anode, as long as the reversed current is applied, with the exception of diodes where electrode naming is always based on the forward current direction.

Inside the sealed lamp, filled with argon or neon gas at low pressure, is a cylindrical metal cathode containing the element of interest and an anode.

A high voltage is applied across the anode and cathode, resulting in an ionization of the fill gas.

The gas ions are accelerated towards the cathode and, upon impact on the cathode, sputter cathode material that is excited in the glow discharge to emit the radiation of the sputtered material, i. e., the element of interest.