* Industrial relations

* Industrial relations – providing information to trade bodies

Industrial sociology, until recently a crucial research area within the field of sociology of work, examines " the direction and implications of trends in technological change, globalization, labour markets, work organization, managerial practices and employment relations to the extent to which these trends are intimately related to changing patterns of inequality in modern societies and to the changing experiences of individuals and families the ways in which workers challenge, resist and make their own contributions to the patterning of work and shaping of work institutions.

Category: Industrial relations

His Industrial Relations Act set up a special court under the judge Lord Donaldson, whose imprisonment of striking dockworkers was a public relations disaster that the Thatcher Government of the 1980s would take pains to avoid repeating ( relying instead on confiscating the assets of unions found to have broken new anti-strike laws ).

* Industrial Relations Commission, a workplace relations tribunal in Australia

Moreover, in the course of economic development, when a new type of economy displaced an old type of economy — agrarian feudalism superseded by mercantilism, in turn superseded by the Industrial revolution — the rearranged economic order of the social classes favoured the social class who controlled the technologies ( the means of production ) that made possible the change in the relations of production.

Industrial relations is a multidisciplinary field that studies the employment relationship.

Industrial relations is increasingly being called employment relations because of the importance of non-industrial employment relationships.

Industrial relations studies examine various employment situations, not just ones with a unionized workforce.

Industrial relations has three faces: science building, problem solving, and ethical.

Industrial relations scholarship assumes that labor markets are not perfectly competitive and thus, in contrast to mainstream economic theory, employers typically have greater bargaining power than employees.

Industrial relations scholarship also assumes that there are at least some inherent conflicts of interest between employers and employees ( for example, higher wages versus higher profits ) and thus, in contrast to scholarship in human resource management and organizational behavior, conflict is seen as a natural part of the employment relationship.

Industrial relations scholars therefore frequently study the diverse institutional arrangements that characterize and shape the employment relationship — from norms and power structures on the shop floor, to employee voice mechanisms in the workplace, to collective bargaining arrangements at company, regional, or national level, to various levels of public policy and labor law regimes, to " varieties of capitalism " ( such as corporatism ), social democracy, and neoliberalism ).

Industrial relations scholars and practitioners therefore support institutional interventions to improve the workings of the employment relationship and to protect workers ’ rights.

Industrial relations has its roots in the industrial revolution which created the modern employment relationship by spawning free labor markets and large-scale industrial organizations with thousands of wage workers.

Intellectually, industrial relations was formed at the end of the 19th century as a middle ground between classical economics and Marxism, with Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb ’ s Industrial Democracy ( 1897 ) being the key intellectual work.

Industrial relations thus rejected the classical econ.

Industrial relations was formed with a strong problem-solving orientation that rejected both the classical economists ’ laissez faire solutions to labor problems and the Marxist solution of class revolution.

Industrial relations scholars have described three major theoretical perspectives or frameworks, that contrast in their understanding and analysis of workplace relations.

Category: Industrial relations

The CTH, the nation's largest trade confederation, was formed in 1964 by the nation's largest peasant organization, the National Association of Honduran Peasants ( Asociación Nacional de Campesinos de Honduras — Anach ), and by Honduran unions affiliated with the Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers ( Organización Regional Interamericana de Trabajadores — ORIT ), a hemispheric labor organization with close ties to the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations ( AFL-CIO ).

A member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, she campaigned for women's suffrage, labor rights, socialism, and other radical left causes.

Luddites and radical labor unions such as the Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW ) have advocated sabotage as a means of self-defense and direct action against unfair working conditions.

* November 8 – A dozen labor leaders come together to announce the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations ( CIO ), an organization charged with pushing the cause for industrial unionism.

Notable members of the Industrial Workers of the World have included Lucy Parsons ; Helen Keller ; Joe Hill ; Ralph Chaplin ; Ricardo Flores Magon ; James P. Cannon ; James Connolly ; Jim Larkin ; Paul Mattick ; Big Bill Haywood ; Eugene Debs ; David Dellinger ; Elizabeth Gurley Flynn ; Sam Dolgoff, Monty Miller ; Indian Nationalist Lala Hardayal ; Frank Little ; ACLU founder Roger Nash Baldwin ; Harry Bridges, briefly, later helped form ILWU ; Minnesota Governor Floyd B. Olson ; Buddhist beat poet Gary Snyder ; Fredy Perlman ; Australian poets Harry Hooton and Lesbia Harford ; graphic artist Carlos Cortez ; artist Kevin McCoy ; counterculture icon Kenneth Rexroth ; Surrealist Franklin Rosemont ; Rosie Kane and Carolyn Leckie, former Members of the Scottish Parliament ; labor and environmental organizer Judi Bari ; folk musicians Utah Phillips, Harry McClintock, Anne Feeney, and David Rovics ; crime writer Jim Thompson ; Finnish folk music legend Hiski Salomaa ; Catholic Workers Dorothy Day and Ammon Hennacy.

Though many scholars have suggested that labor unions were leading figures in this coalition, no significant labor leaders attended the convention, with the exception of the heads of the Congress of Industrial Organizations Political Action Committee ( CIOPAC ), Jack Kroll and A. F.

After his work with the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and the American Railway Union, Debs ' next major work in organizing a labor union came during the founding of the Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW ).

Furthermore, he argued that the division of labor that had been prevalent in economic life since the Industrial Revolution led individuals to pursue egoistic ends rather than seeking the good of a larger community.

Among labor and leftist organizations, the Industrial Workers of the World were the sole exception to this pattern.

Some of the most important political-pressure groups in Argentina include: the Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs ( CILFA ); the Argentine Industrial Union ( manufacturers ' association ); Argentine Rural Society ( large landowners ' association ); the Armed Forces ; the General Confederation of Labor or CGT ( Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization ); the Roman Catholic Church ; students.

There are three primary unions in Bermuda: the blue-collar Bermuda Industrial Union, Bermuda's largest labor organization ; the professional Bermuda Public Services Union, with a steadily increasing membership ; and the Bermuda Union of Teachers.

Since the Industrial Revolution, a major factor of productivity was the substitution of energy from, human and animal labor, water and wind power to electric power and internal combustion.

On March 18, 2011, the Industrial Workers of the World website ( www. iww. org ) supported an endorsement of a general strike as a followup to protests against Governor Scott Walker's proposed labor legislation in Wisconsin, following a motion passed by the South Central Federation of Labor ( SCFL ) of Wisconsin endorsing a statewide general strike as a response to those legislative proposals.

Industrial expansion, coal mining, and railroading required a great amount of unskilled labor.

Among those jailed was feminist labor leader Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, who published an account in the local Industrial Worker of her experiences in a Spokane jail.

Strikes became important during the Industrial Revolution, when mass labor became important in factories and mines.

The black cat of the Industrial Workers of the World, also adopted as a symbol by anarcho-syndicalistsAlthough he continued to work for labor rights after his release from prison, Chaplin was very disillusioned by the aftermath of the Russian Revolution.

The " accumulation theory " adopted by Karl Kautsky, John A. Hobson and popularized by Vladimir Lenin centered on the accumulation of surplus capital during and after the Industrial Revolution: restricted opportunities at home, the argument goes, drove financial interests to seek more profitable investments in less-developed lands with lower labor costs, unexploited raw materials and little competition.

Though factories dominated the Industrial Era, the growth in the service sector eventually began to dethrone them: the focus of labor in general shifted to central-city office towers or to semi-rural campus-style establishments, and many factories stood deserted in local rust belts.

Making cloth and clothing was so labor intensive ( before the Industrial Revolution ) that many farmers only had two to three different sets of clothing per lifetime.

Moreover, the Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW ) backed several labor strikes in 1916 and 1917 that the press portrayed as radical threats to American society inspired by left-wing, foreign agents provocateur.

Although overseas colonies provided cheap slave labor for part of the Industrial Revolution period, local labor in Britain itself was more expensive than in China, providing the capitalist class an incentive to improve worker efficiency.