* 2003 – unaudited financial statements reveal record high growth in profits in 2002 ( loan portfolio increased 70 % to US $ 1. 4 billion, assets surged 51 %, while net income rose by more than a third ); Alfa Bank, in partnership with the Lauder Institute of the Wharton School of Business, establishes a new award for Excellence in Foreign Investment, which would be presented to foreign companies operating in Russia for weighty contribution to the corporate governance and successful business operations ; Alfa Bank draws US $ 82 million unsecured syndicated loan, the biggest on record among private banks ; S & P, Fitch and Moody's upgrade Alfa Bank's rating during the year ;

* 1990: National City corporation establishes National City Investment Corporation, allowing the corporation to offer investment choices equal to that of a full-service brokerage.

The Hematological Cancer Research Investment and Education Act, enacted in 2002, establishes the Joe Moakley Research Excellence Program for expanded and coordinated blood cancer research programs.

Because Sections 3 ( c ) 1 and 3 ( c ) 7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 prohibit hedge funds from making public offerings, funds must sell their securities in accordance with the private offering rules under the Securities Act of 1933.

In addition, while the MSRB sets standards for broker-dealers, banks, and municipal advisors, MSRB rules do not apply to issuers of municipal securities or other municipal entities, which Congress generally exempted from most provisions of the federal securities laws ( such as the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 ) otherwise applicable to private-sector issuers of corporate and other types of securities.

Along with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and extensive rules issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, it forms the backbone of United States financial regulation.

This concluded that there was an arguable case that the Equitable had breached the rules of its former regulators, the Life Assurance and Unit Trust Regulatory Organisation ( Lautro ) and the Personal Investment Authority ( PIA ) in failing to disclose the risk of the existing GAR policies in the Product Particulars, Key Features and With-Profits Guide to new non-GAR policy holders.

* Trade Related Investment Measures, rules of the World Trade Organization

* The FSA regulates unit trusts in the UK under their CIS ( Collective Investment Scheme ) rules.

Similar employee protections enforced through OSHA are included in the Surface Transportation Assistance Act ( 1982 ) to protect truck drivers, the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act ( PSIA ) of 2002, the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (" AIR 21 "), and the Sarbanes – Oxley Act, enacted on July 30, 2002 ( for corporate fraud whistleblowers ).

In order to instill investors ' confidence in these companies and to protect the public interest from this new type of security, Congress passed the Investment Company Act.

For example, the Investment Protection Bureau is a New York State legal body which is charged, according to the New York State Securities Law ( the Martin Act ), to protect the public from fraud by monitoring and limiting investment.

Chile's approach to foreign direct investment is codified in the country's Foreign Investment Law, which gives foreign investors the same treatment as Chileans.

Because of these regulatory restrictions on ownership, hedge funds have been exempted from mandatory registration with the US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, which is generally intended to regulate investment funds sold to retail investors.

The two primary exemptions in the Investment Company Act of 1940 that hedge funds relied on were ( a ) Section 3 ( c ) 1 which restricts funds to 100 or fewer investors and ( b ) Section 3 ( c ) 7, which requires all investors to meet a " qualified purchaser " criterion.

For SEC registered hedge fund advisers to charge an incentive or performance fee, the investors in the funds must be " qualified clients " as defined in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 Rule 205 – 3.

Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency offers support for foreign investors – assists and helps investors in all the necessary legal and administrative procedures.

On February 28, 2012, SSgA entered into a consent order with the Massachusetts Securities Division " in connection to the Division's investigation into SSgA in its role as the Investment Manager of a $ 1. 65 billion hybrid collateralized debt obligation named Carina CDO, Ltd ." which resulted in a State-imposed fine of $ 5 million for the non-disclosure of certain initial investors taking a short position on portions of the Carina CDO.

State enterprise InvestUkraine was created under the State Agency for Investment and National Projects ( National Projects ) to serve as a One Stop Shop for investors and to deliver investment consulting services.

Investment banks or dealers may separate coupons from the principal of coupon bonds, which is known as the residue, so that different investors may receive the principal and each of the coupon payments.

Investment banks offer services to both corporations issuing securities and investors buying securities.

Investment policy favoring local investors over global ones is typically discouraged in such pacts, and the idea of a separate investment policy rapidly becomes a fiction or fantasy, as real decisions reflect the real need for nations to compete for investment, even from their own local investors.

Investment policy in many nations is tied to immigration policy, either due to a desire to prevent human capital flight by forcing investors to keep local assets in local investments, or by a desire to attract immigrants by offering passports in a safe haven nation, e. g. Canada, in exchange for a substantial investment in a business that will create jobs there.

These funds, also known as Retail Venture Capital or Labour Sponsored Investment Funds ( LSIF ), are generally sponsored by labor unions and offer tax breaks from government to encourage retail investors to purchase the funds.

He expressed similar concerns about the Multilateral Agreement on Investment two years later, arguing that it put the rights of investors ahead of workers, environments, societies, and cultures.

In late 1986, Ching and vice-chairman Sheridan Ing announced plans to take the company private, and it remained in the hands of the Ing and Ching families until its emergence from bankruptcy in 2006, when additional investors including The Yucaipa Cos., Aloha Aviation Investment Group, and Aloha Hawaii Investors LLC took stakes in the airline.

The Libyan Arab-Foreign Bank and Kuwaiti Investment Organisation held 40 % between them while other Arab investors held 9 %.

Eleven cornerstone investors were selected for its Hong Kong share offering, including Qatar Investment Authority and Kuwait Investment Authority, taking a combined worth of shares.

* Media Sports Investment, the international fund of investors that runs Sport Club Corinthians Paulista

Specifically these reforms include allowing foreign investors to hold majority stakes in most enterprises excluding " strategic " industries such as banking, telecommunications, and energy, easing insurance regulation, curtailing powers of the Foreign Investment Committee and lowering the minimum quota for Malay ownership in publicly traded companies from 30 percent to 12. 5 percent.

The proposed changes would stipulate that an " accredited natural person " must be both " accredited investors " under the existing standards and also own not less than $ 2. 5 million in investments ( as currently defined in the Investment Company Act for purposes of the Section 3 ( c )( 7 ) exemption ) on the date an investment is made.

Ownership was 51 % National Bank of Greece, 20 % Kuwait Investment Office, 20 % Arab Foreign Investment Bank ( a Libyan institution ), and 9 % other Arab investors.

For example, exorbitant bribes were demanded for allowing goods to pass in and out of the Gaza Strip, while heads of the Preventive Security Service apparatus profited from their involvement in the gravel import and cement and construction industries, such as the Great Arab Company for Investment and Development, the al-Motawaset Company, and the al-Sheik Zayid construction project.

To keep similar situations around the country from escalating into violence, the government promised to parcel out land belonging to the National Corporation for Investment ( Corporación Nacional de Inversiones — Conadin ).

Previous exemptions from registration provided under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 will no longer apply to most hedge fund advisers.

The deal, set to close September 30, 2009, included 600 million in financing from the European Investment Bank, guaranteed by the Swedish government.

* Round-tripping: Money is deposited in a controlled foreign corporation offshore, preferably in a Tax haven where minimal records are kept, and then shipped back as a Foreign Direct Investment, exempt from taxation.

The World Bank has been involved in mining since 1955, mainly through grants from its International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, with the Bank's Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency offering political risk insurance.

This means, as the U. S. Dollar accounted for 80 percent in the Thai basket of currencies, the Thai Baht was also depreciated further-making Thailand's export even more competitive and making the country more attractive to Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ), especially from Japan whose national currency appreciated considerably since 1985.

The World Bank differs from the World Bank Group, in that the World Bank comprises only two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( IBRD ) and the International Development Association ( IDA ), whereas the latter incorporates these two in addition to three more: International Finance Corporation ( IFC ), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency ( MIGA ), and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ( ICSID ).

* Corporation is not a Person, a Home is not an Investment from The Popular Capitalist View by Carl Peter Klapper, argues that corporations are governments whose scope of operations should be limited to the state in which they are registered and whose authority should be inferior to popularly elected governments.

On March 23, 2009, U. S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner announced a Public-Private Investment Partnership ( PPIP ) to buy toxic assets from banks ' balance sheets.

In 2002, Tunisia borrowed € 300 million from the European Investment Bank in 2002 to be used to improve roads in the country including € 120 million towards building a motorway between Tunis and Sfax.

Investment casting derives its name from the fact that the pattern is invested, or surrounded, with a refractory material.

# Investment cash flows: Cash received from the sale of long-life assets, or spent on capital expenditure ( investments, acquisitions and long-life assets ).

Therefore, considering the fact that the " Discount " must match the benefits obtained from a similar Investment Asset, the " Discount Yield " must be used within the same compounding mechanism to negotiate an increase in the size of the " Discount " whenever the time period the payment is delayed or extended .< Ref Name =" Economics_Discount "/> The “ Discount Rate ” is the rate at which the “ Discount ” must grow as the delay in payment is extended .< Ref Name =" MathEcon_Chiang "> Alpha C Chiang, " Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, Third Edition ", McGraw Hill Book Company, 1984 .</ ref > This fact is directly tied into the " Time Value of Money " and its calculations.

Hutchison Whampoa withdrew from its planned purchase of Global Crossing after the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States made it clear that purchase by Hutchison would not be approved.

In order to cope up with the write-downs during the subprime mortgage crisis, Morgan Stanley announced on December 19, 2007 that it would receive a US $ 5 billion capital infusion from the China Investment Corporation in exchange for securities that would be convertible to 9. 9 % of its shares in 2010 ..

It was named after the Star Wars character Chewbacca, because it was created to hide losses from the Joint Energy Development Investment Limited, known by its acronym " JEDI ".

Investment started fleeing the country and the peso became overvalued, to prevent a devaluation and further fleeing of investments, the Bank of Mexico borrowed 360 million dollars from the Federal Reserve with the promise of stabilizing the economy.

He worked as an investments analyst for Laing & Cruickshank Investment Management ( bought by UBS in 2004 ) from 1981-5, and then in corporate finance for S. G. Warburg Securities ( bought by UBS in 1994 ) from 1985 – 92, where he became a director from 1990-2.