Other major ideas in the book of Amos include: social justice and concern for the disadvantaged ; the idea that Israel's covenant with God did not exempt them from accountability for sin ; God is God of all nations ; God is judge of all nations ; God is God of moral righteousness ; God made all people ; God elected Israel and then liberated Israel so that He would be known throughout the world ; election by God means that those elected are responsible to live according to the purposes clearly outlined to them in the covenant ; if God destroys the unjust, a remnant will remain ; and God is free to judge whether to redeem Israel.

These measures plus the improvement in Israel's relations with Egypt and Jordan, the renunciation of terrorism by the Palestine Liberation Organization, the on-going peace talks between the PLO and Israel, the collapse of the communist states in East Europe, which reduced the scope for sanctuaries for terrorists, and the more cautious attitude of countries such as Libya and Syria after the U. S. declared them State-sponsors of international terrorism, the collapse of ideological terrorist groups such as the Red Army Faction and the tightening of civil aviation security measures by all countries have arrested and reversed the steep upward movement of hijackings.

Yahweh's war campaign in Palestine validates Israel's entitlement to the land and provides a paradigm of how Israel was to live there: twelve tribes, with a designated leader, united by covenant in warfare and in worship of Yahweh alone at single sanctuary, all in obedience to the commands of Moses as found in Deuteronomy.

" The divine call for massacre at Jericho and elsewhere can be explained in terms of cultural norms ( Israel wasn't the only Iron Age state to practice herem ) and theology ( a measure to ensure Israel's purity as well as the fulfillment of God's promise ), but Patrick D. Miller in his commentary on Deuteronomy remarks, " there is no real way to make such reports palatable to the hearts and minds of contemporary readers and believers.

The answers were recorded in the works of the prophets Ezekiel, Jeremiah and Second Isaiah, and in the Deuteronomistic history, the collection of historical works from Joshua to Kings: God had not abandoned Israel ; Israel had abandoned God, and the Babylonian exile was God's punishment for Israel's lack of faith.

The theological bias is seen in the way it judges each king of Israel on the basis of whether he recognises the authority of the temple in Jerusalem ( none do, and therefore all are " evil "), and each king of Judah on the basis of whether he destroys the " high places " ( rivals to the Temple in Jerusalem ); it gives only passing mention to important and successful kings like Omri and Jeroboam II and totally ignores one of the most significant events in ancient Israel's history, the battle of Qarqar.

* Promise: In return for Israel's promise to worship Yahweh alone, Yahweh makes promises to David and to Israel-to David, the promise that his line will rule Israel forever, to Israel, the promise of the land they will possess.

* Apostasy: the great tragedy of Israel's history, meaning the destruction of the kingdom and the Temple, is due to the failure of the people, but more especially the kings, to worship Yahweh alone ( Yahweh being the god of Israel ).

While the Gregorian calendar is widely used in Israel's business and day-to-day affairs, the Hebrew calendar, used by Jews worldwide for religious and cultural affairs, also influences civil matters in Israel ( such as national holidays ) and can be used there for business dealings ( such as for the dating of checks ).

Carol Meyers in her commentary on Exodus suggests that it is arguably the most important book in the bible, as it presents the defining features of Israel's identity: memories of a past marked by hardship and escape, a binding covenant with the God who chooses Israel, and the establishment of the life of the community and the guidelines for sustaining it.

The narrative tells how Israel's Messiah, having been rejected by Israel ( i. e., God's chosen people ), withdrew into the circle of his disciples, passed judgment on those who had rejected him ( so that " Israel " becomes the non-believing " Jews "), and finally sent the disciples instead to the gentiles

Matthew's gospel tells how Israel's Messiah is rejected by Israel, withdraws into the circle of his disciples, passes judgment on those who have rejected him so that " Israel " becomes the non-believing " Jews ", and sends the disciples instead to the gentiles.

Ska also points out the purpose behind such antiquarian histories: antiquity is needed to prove the worth of Israel's traditions to the nations ( the neighbours of the Jews in early Persian Palestine ), and to reconcile and unite the various factions within Israel itself.

Israel's History and the History of Israel, London, Equinox.

Hezbollah says that its continued hostilities against Israel are justified as reciprocal to Israeli operations against Lebanon and as retaliation for what they claim is Israel's occupation of Lebanese territory.

Hezbollah was responsible for thousands of Katyusha rocket attacks against Israeli civilian towns and cities in northern Israel, which Hezbollah said were in retaliation for Israel's killing of civilians and targeting Lebanese infrastructure.

Additionally, 76 % disapproved of the military action Hezbollah took in Israel, compared to 38 % who disapproved of Israel's military action in Lebanon.

In the hearings before the Ad Hoc Political Committee that considered Israel's application for membership in the United Nations, Abba Eban said that the rights stipulated in section C. Declaration, chapters 1 and 2 of UN resolution 181 ( II ) had been alluded to in the fundamental law of the state of Israel as proposed by the resolution.

Joshua forms part of the biblical history of the emergence of Israel which begins with the exodus of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, continues with their conquest of Canaan under their leader Joshua ( the subject matter of the book of Joshua ), and culminates in Judges with the settlement of the tribes in the land.

( Chapter 1 is the first of three important moments in Joshua marked with major speeches and reflections by the main characters ; here first God and then Joshua make speeches about the goal of conquest of the Promised Land ; at chapter 12, Joshua looks back on the conquest ; and at chapter 23 Joshua gives a speech about what must be done if Israel is to live in peace in the land ).

In Judges, Samuel and Kings Israel becomes faithless and God ultimately shows his anger by sending his people into exile, but in Joshua Israel is obedient, Joshua is faithful, and God fulfills his promise and gives them the land.

Joshua takes forward Deuteronomy's theme of Israel as a single people worshiping Yahweh in the land God has given them.

Yahweh, as the main character in the book, takes the initiative in conquering the land, and it is Yahweh's power that wins battles ( for example, the walls of Jericho fall because Yahweh is fighting for Israel, not because the Israelites show superior fighting ability ).

The potential disunity of Israel is a constant theme, the greatest threat of disunity coming from the tribes east of the Jordan, and there is even a hint in chapter 22: 19 that the land across the Jordan is unclean and the tribes who live there are of secondary status.

The introduction to Deuteronomy recalled how Yahweh had given the land to the Israelites but then withdrew the gift when Israel showed fear and only Joshua and Caleb had trusted in God.

The land is Yahweh's to give or withhold, and the fact that he has promised it to Israel gives Israel an inalienable right to take it.

Deutero-Isaiah prophesies the deliverance of Israel from the hands of the Babylonians and their restoration in the land promised to them by God.

Against this, Numbers also demonstrates the importance of holiness, faithfulness and trust: despite God's presence and his priests, Israel lacks faith and the possession of the land is left to a new generation.

The promise has three elements: posterity ( i. e., descendants-Abraham is told that his descendants will be as innumerable as the stars ), divine-human relationship ( Israel is to be God's chosen people ), and land ( the land of Canaan, cursed by Noah immediately after the Deluge ).

As chapters 1-10 progress the theme of God's presence with Israel comes to the fore: these chapters describe how Israel is to be organised around the Sanctuary, God's dwelling-place in their midst, under the charge of the Levites and priests, in preparation for the conquest of the land.

The book opens with the Israelites in the land which God has promised to them but worshiping " foreign gods " instead of Yahweh, the god of Israel, and with the Canaanites still present everywhere.

The essence of Deuteronomistic theology is that Israel has entered into a covenant ( a treaty, a binding agreement ) with the god Yahweh, under which they agree to accept Yahweh as their god ( hence the phrase " god of Israel ") and Yahweh promises them a land where they can live in peace and prosperity.

Deuteronomy contains the laws by which Israel is to live in the promised land, Joshua chronicles the conquest of Canaan, the promised land, and its allotment among the tribes, Judges describes the settlement of the land, Samuel the consolidation of the land and people under David, and Kings the destruction of kingship and loss of the land.

The Druze (, plural دروز, durūz, druzim ) are a monotheistic religious community, found primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, which emerged during the 11th century from Ismailism school of Shia Islam.

The Druze people reside primarily in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel.

The first part establishes Isaiah as a prophet of Israel during the reign of Hezekiah ; the second part focuses on Isaiah's actions during the siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib ; and the third part is primarily focused upon Isaiah warning the people of coming doom.

Based on the borders of Mandatory Palestine, the region today comprising primarily Israel, the Palestinian Authority, the Gaza Strip and small parts of Jordan.

Tensions between Israel and Syria increased as the Intifada dragged on, primarily as a result of Syria's refusal to stop giving sanctuary to Palestinian militant groups conducting operations against Israel.

Jonathan Israel, for example, in Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man, 1670 – 1752 ( 2006 ), constructs an argument that is primarily intellectual in scope.

Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state and address threats to its continued existence and security.

The term Mizrahi is used in Israel in the language of politics, media and some social scientists for Jews from the Arab world and adjacent, primarily Muslim-majority countries.

Haredim are currently primarily located in Israel, North America and Western Europe, with smaller pockets in other places such as Johannesburg, South Africa.

One version was compiled by scholars of Israel, primarily of the academies of Tiberias and Caesarea, which was published between about 350-400 CE.

The current received text finally achieved predominance through the reputation of the Masoretes, schools of scribes and Torah scholars working between the 7th and 11th centuries, based primarily in the Land of Israel in the cities of Tiberias and Jerusalem, and in Babylonia.

In addition, a number of countries ( all members of the Arab League ) that at one time had formal economic ties ( primarily trade offices ) with Israel that fell short of full diplomatic relations, have severed such ties ( Bahrain, Morocco, Oman, Qatar and Tunisia ).

In his early ministry, Jeremiah was primarily a preaching prophet, going where the Lord directed him to preach oracles throughout Israel.

The Mishnah along with the Jerusalem Talmud, ( the written discussions of generations of rabbis in the Land of Israel – primarily in the academies of Tiberias and Caesarea ), was probably compiled in Tiberias by Rabbi Judah haNasi in around 200 CE.

Judaeo-Georgian is spoken by an additional 20, 000 in Georgia and 65, 000 elsewhere ( primarily 60, 000 in Israel ).

The country receives some 10 million foreign visitors every year, primarily from Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, Israel and Belgium.

Visitors primarily come from Eastern Europe, but also from Western Europe ( 6. 3 million ) and USA and Israel and also Canada.

Although primarily a biblical archaeologist, Albright was a polymath who made contributions in almost every field of Near Eastern studies: an example of his range is a BASOR 130 ( 1953 ) paper titled " New Light from Egypt on the Chronology and History of Israel and Judah ," in which he established that Shoshenq I — the Biblical Shishaq — came to power somewhere between 945 and 940 BC.

** The state ruled by the Hasmoneans or " Maccabees " ( 140 – 37 BCE ), primarily known as Judea ( or cognates ) but also called Israel in the First Book of Maccabees

** The state ruled by Herod the Great and his heirs ( 37 – 4 BCE ), primarily known as Judea ( or cognates ) but also called Israel in the Gospels and Acts

* The Arab Affairs Department: responsible primarily for Arab related counter-terrorism activities in both Israel and the Palestinian Territories.

ZAKA also has two units made up of Bedouin, Muslim, and Druze volunteers to serve Israel ’ s non-Jewish communities, primarily Bedouin in the Negev and Druze in the Galilee.

Ma ' alul was a Palestinian village, made up primarily of Palestinian Christians, that was depopulated and destroyed by Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.