One test given in the Old Testament in Deuteronomy contains a warning of those who prophecy events which do not come to pass and said they should be put to death.

In Leviticus 18: 21, 20: 3 and Deuteronomy 12: 30-31, 18: 10, the Torah contains a number of imprecations against and laws forbidding child sacrifice.

In particular, the central text of Judaism, the Torah, contains two passages called the " Tochachah " ( Warnings ) in Leviticus and Deuteronomy, that have been seen as fulfilled by future events of Jewish history.

Rather than being written as history, the Deuteronomistic history – Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings – was intended to illustrate a theological scheme in which Israel and her leaders are judged by their obedience to the teachings and laws ( the covenant ) set down in the book of Deuteronomy.

These include various predictions of the downfall of the northern kingdom, the equivalent prediction of the downfall of Judah following the reign of Manasseh, the extension of Josiah's reforms in accordance with the laws of Deuteronomy, and the revision of the narrative from Jeremiah concerning Judah's last days.

Most of our knowledge of ancient Hebrew medicine during the 1st millennium BC comes from the Torah, i. e. the Five Books of Moses, which contain various health related laws and rituals, such as isolating infected people ( Leviticus 13: 45-46 ), washing after handling a dead body ( Numbers 19: 11-19 ) and burying excrement away from camp ( Deuteronomy 23: 12-13 ).

Most of the basic laws of kashrut are derived from the Torah's Books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy.

The law attributed to Moses, specifically the laws set out in Deuteronomy, as a consequence came to be considered supreme over all other sources of authority ( the king and his officials ), and the Levite priests were the guardians and interpreters of the law.

Moses proclaims the Law ( Deuteronomy 12 – 26 ), gives instruction concerning covenant renewal at Shechem ( Deuteronomy 27 – 28 ) and gives Israel new laws ( the " Deuteronomic Code )".

* That certain Laws, including the " dietary laws " mentioned in Leviticus 11 and in Deuteronomy 14: 3-21 concerning the distinguishing between the unclean and the clean animals, and between the animal that may be eaten and the animal that may not be eaten, should be adhered to by Christians today.

# Terumot ( תרומות, Donations ) deals with the laws regarding the terumah donation given to the Kohanim ( Jewish priests ) ( Numbers 18: 8 – 20, Deuteronomy 18: 4 ).

** The laws found in the Book of Deuteronomy are also demonstrated to date to a time long after Moses.

The law attributed to Moses, specifically the laws set out in Deuteronomy, as a consequence came to be considered supreme over all other sources of authority ( the king and his officials ), and the Levite priests were the guardians and interpreters of the law.

Dietary laws are based mainly on Leviticus, Deuteronomy and Jubilees.

While some of the laws appear more developed than Deuteronomy, for example, the law concerning weights and measures is more detailed, the majority show less development, and the implication of multiple sanctuaries implied by the Holiness Code's laws, concerning altar ceremonies, is usually understood to imply a date prior to the banning of sanctuaries outside the temple at Jerusalem.

" Similarly, Deuteronomy 24 discusses the laws of divorce in passing ; they are assumed knowledge in a discussion about when remarriage would be allowed.

These laws are based upon the Books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy of the Torah and in the extensive body of rabbinical commentaries ( the Talmud ).

A common hypothesis among biblical scholars today is that the first major comprehensive draft of the Pentateuch ( the series of five books which begins with Genesis and ends with Deuteronomy ) was composed in the late 7th or the 6th century BC by the Jahwist source and that this was later expanded by the addition of various narratives and laws by the Priestly source into a work very like the one existing today.

The Book of Deuteronomy tells how, within sight of the Promised Land, Moses recalls their journeys and gives them new laws.

Yahweh's war campaign in Palestine validates Israel's entitlement to the land and provides a paradigm of how Israel was to live there: twelve tribes, with a designated leader, united by covenant in warfare and in worship of Yahweh alone at single sanctuary, all in obedience to the commands of Moses as found in Deuteronomy.

" In doing this he is carrying out herem as commanded by Yahweh in Deuteronomy 20: 17: " You shall not leave alive anything that breathes.

The book of Jeremiah was edited and influenced by the Deuteronomists, or the writers of the book of Deuteronomy, who advanced religious reform.

It was in this period that the Pentateuch ( or Torah, to give the Hebrew name ) was composed, by detaching the book of Deuteronomy from the Deuteronomistic history and adding it to the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers.

Modern scholarly thinking is that the books originated by combining a number of independent texts of various ages when the larger Deuteronomistic history ( the Former Prophets plus Deuteronomy ) was being composed in the period c. 630-540 BCE.

The " Deuteronomic " perspective ( that of the book of Deuteronomy ) is particularly evident in prayers and speeches spoken by key figures at major transition points: Solomon's speech at the dedication of the Temple is a key example.

For much of the 20th century most scholars agreed that the five books of the Pentateuch — Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy — came from four sources, the Yahwist, the Elohist, the Deuteronomist and the Priestly source, each telling the same basic story, and joined together by various editors.

Although Orthodox Judaism acknowledges that rabbis made many decisions and decrees regarding Jewish Law where the written Torah itself is non-specific, they did so only in accordance with regulations given to them by Moses on Mount Sinai ( see Deuteronomy 5: 8-13 ).

Judah at this time was a vassal of Assyria, but Assyrian power collapsed in the 630s, and in around 622 Josiah and the Deuteronomists, as the circle around him are called by modern scholars, launched a bid for independence expressed as loyalty to " Yahweh alone " and the law-code in the book of Deuteronomy, written in the form of a treaty between Judah and Yahweh to replace the vassal-treaty with Assyria.

It is on this basis that the Old Testament proscriptions against making images ( see Deuteronomy 4 ) were overturned for the early Christians by their belief in the Incarnation.

" This name actually refers to a special " ceremony ": the last weekly Torah portion is read from Deuteronomy, completing the annual cycle, and is followed immediately by the reading of the first chapter of Genesis.

In the musical, one cat is chosen each year by Old Deuteronomy to go to the Heaviside Layer and begin a new life.

She does so by ascending on a flying tire until she reaches a structure resembling clouds, into which she disappears, although in the film version of Cats she ascends with Old Deuteronomy and then she walks up a giant metal hand to the Heaviside layer.

The Torah's commandment to love God " with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might " ( Deuteronomy 6: 5 ) is taken by the Mishnah ( a central text of the Jewish oral law ) to refer to good deeds, willingness to sacrifice one's life rather than commit certain serious transgressions, willingness to sacrifice all of one's possessions, and being grateful to the Lord despite adversity ( tractate Berachoth 9: 5 ).

However, transmission of the text was imperfect, and by the Middle Ages, only the commentary on Numbers and Deuteronomy remained.

( Some modern textual scholars consider that the Song of Moses, believed to be originally distinct from the surrounding text of Deuteronomy and not written by Moses, may in reality have been written in response to the theological implications of this disastrous defeat, possibly by Samuel himself.

In Hebrew the five books are named by the first phrase in the text: Bereshit (" In beginning ," Genesis ), Shemot (" Names ," Exodus ), Vayikra (" He called ", Leviticus ), Bamidbar (" In the desert ," Numbers ) and Devarim (" Words ," Deuteronomy ).

According to Jewish tradition ( adopted by Christianity ) the Torah was dictated to Moses by God, with the exception of the last eight verses of Deuteronomy which describe the death and burial of Moses.

According to the theory of the Deuteronomistic history proposed by Martin Noth and widely accepted, Deuteronomy was a product of the court of Josiah ( late 7th century ) before being used as the introduction to a comprehensive history of Israel written in the early part of the 6th century ; later still it was detached from the history and used to round off the Pentateuch.

# Deuteronomy: " second law ," refers to the fifth book's recapitulation of the commandments reviewed by Moses before his death.

) At the intercession of Moses, Aaron was saved from the plague which smote the people ( Deuteronomy 9: 20, Exodus 32: 35 ), although it was against Aaron ’ s tribe of Levi that the work of punitive vengeance was committed ( Exodus 32: 26 ).

Noth maintained that the history was written in the early Exilic period ( 6th century BCE ) in order to demonstrate how Israel's history was worked out in accordance with the theology expressed in the book of Deuteronomy ( which thus provides the name " Deuteronomistic ").

The most common view today accepts Martin Noth's thesis that Kings concludes a unified series of books which reflect the language and theology of the Book of Deuteronomy, and which biblical scholars therefore call the Deuteronomistic history.

Somewhere, perhaps on the southeastern shore, would be the cities mentioned in the Book of Genesis which were said to have been destroyed in the time of Abraham: Sodom and Gomorra ( Genesis 18 ) and the three other " Cities of the Plain "-Admah, Zeboim and Zoar ( Deuteronomy 29: 23 ).

The earliest parts of Jewish prayer are the Shema Yisrael (" Hear O Israel ") ( Deuteronomy 6: 4 et seq ), and the Priestly Blessing ( Numbers 6: 24-26 ), which are in the Torah.

This response is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew " ברוך שם כבוד מלכותו לעולם ועד " ( Blessed be His name, whose glorious kingdom is forever ), which is to be found in the Jerusalem Targum ( י ְ ה ֵ א ש ְׁ מ ֵ יה ּ ר ַ ב ָּ א מ ְ ב ָ ר ֵ ך ְ ל ְ ע ָ ל ְ מ ֵ י ע ַ ל ְ מ ִ ין ) ( Genesis 49: 2 and Deuteronomy 6: 4 ), and is similar to the wording of.

He therefore assembled the tribes, and delivered to them a parting address, which is taken to form the Book of Deuteronomy.

The earliest parts of Jewish prayer book are the Shema Yisrael (" Hear O Israel ") ( Deuteronomy 6: 4 et seq ), and the Priestly Blessing ( Numbers 6: 24-26 ), which are in the Torah.

This ceremony, which was mandated in Deuteronomy 31: 10-13, was held every seven years, in the year following the Shmita ( Sabbatical ) year.

The process of its formation probably took several hundred years, from the 8th century to the 6th, and its authors have been variously identified as prophetic circles ( because the concerns of Deuteronomy mirror those of the prophets, especially Hosea ), Levitical priestly circles ( because it stresses the role of the Levites ), and wisdom and scribal circles ( because it esteems wisdom, and because the treaty-form in which it is written would be best known to scribes ).

This is illustrated by the Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint texts of Deuteronomy 32: 8 – 9, in which El, as the head of the divine assembly, gives each member of the divine family a nation of his own, " according to the number of the divine sons ": Israel is the portion of Yahweh. The later Masoretic text, evidently uncomfortable with the polytheism expressed by the phrase, altered it to " according to the number of the children of Israel "

Pentecost is the old Greek and Latin name for the Jewish harvest festival, or Festival of Weeks ( Hebrew חג השבועות Hag haShavuot or Shevuot, literally " Festival of Weeks "), which can be found in the Hebrew Bible, Shavuot is called the Festival of Weeks ( Hebrew: חג השבועות, chag ha-Shavuot, Exodus 34: 22, Deuteronomy 16: 10 ); Festival of Reaping ( Hebrew: חג הקציר, chag ha-Katsir, Exodus 23: 16 ), and Day of the First Fruits ( Hebrew יום הביכורים, Yom ha-Bikkurim, Numbers 28: 26 ).

From " the top of Pisgah ," i. e., Mount Nebo, an area which belonged to Moab, Moses surveyed the Promised Land ( Deuteronomy 3: 27 ; 32: 49 ), and there he died ( 34: 1, 5 ).

Apparently enraged at the plainness with which Jeremiah uttered his solemn warnings of coming judgements because of the abounding iniquity of the times, Pashur " smote Jeremiah the prophet " ( this could mean that he ordered the temple police to seize him and inflict the corporal punishment of up to forty stripes found in Deuteronomy 25: 3 ); then he placed him in the stocks in the high gate of Benjamin, where he remained all night.

The name appears as a word in Classical Hebrew with the derived or figurative meanings of " arrow " ( as " lightning of the bow ", Job 5: 7 ) and " a burning fever, a plague " ( by which the body is " inflamed ", Deuteronomy 32: 24 ).

Torah study is counted amongst the 613 mitzvot (" commandments "), finding its source in the verse ( Deuteronomy 6: 7 ): " And you shall teach it to your children ," upon which the Talmud comments that " Study is necessary in order to teach.

Orthodox, Sephardim, a majority of Israeli Jews and other Jews, including many whom are not observant, reject critical Bible scholarship and the documentary hypothesis, holding to the opinion that it is contradicted by the Torah in Deuteronomy 31: 24, 25 and 26, and the Talmud ( Gittin 60a, Bava Basra 15b ), which state that Moses wrote the Torah, as well as by the Mishnah, which asserts the divine origin of the Torah as one of the essential tenets of Judaism.