Thus, there was seen a need for a new law that would ensure the continuance of the succession following the death of the last legal heir under the Bill of Rights, being Princess Anne, guaranteeing the line of succession would continue in the Protestant line, and excluding any possible claims by the deposed James II or his son and daughter, James Francis Edward and Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart.

* 1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid " describing the double helix structure of DNA.

In the 1950s, James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins were instrumental in solving DNA structure and suggesting its relationship with genetic transfer of information.

Key work on the traditional ballad was undertaken in the late 19th century in Denmark by Svend Grundtvig and for England and Scotland by the Harvard professor Francis James Child.

* James Francis Byrnes and U. S. Policy towards Germany 1945-1947 Deutsch-Amerikanische Zentrum / James-F .- Byrnes-Institut e. V

* James " Father Jimmy " Tompkins, Roman Catholic priest, helped found the Co-operative Antigonish Movement at St. Francis Xavier University

At Harvard, he began lifelong friendships with Francis Ellingwood Abbot, Chauncey Wright, and William James.

As first discovered by James D. Watson and Francis Crick, the structure of DNA of all species comprises two helical chains each coiled round the same axis, and each with a pitch of 34 ångströms ( 3. 4 nanometres ) and a radius of 10 ångströms ( 1. 0 nanometres ).

* TIB = The Interpreter ’ s Bible, The Holy Scriptures in the King James and Revised Standard versions with general articles and introduction, exegesis, exposition for each book of the Bible in twelve volumes, George Arthur Buttrick, Commentary Editor, Walter Russell Bowie, Associate Editor of Exposition, Paul Scherer, Associate Editor of Exposition, John Knox Associate Editor of New Testament Introduction and Exegesis, Samuel Terrien, Associate Editor of Old Testament Introduction and Exegesis, Nolan B. Harmon Editor, Abingdon Press, copyright 1955 by Pierce and Washabaugh, set up printed, and bound by the Parthenon Press, at Nashville, Tennessee, Volume XI, Philippians, Colossians and Exegesis by Francis W. Beare, Exposition by G. Preston MacLeod, Thessalonians, Pastoral Epistles First and Second Epistles to Timothy, and the Epistle to Titus, Philemon, Hebrews

One prominent such effort was the collection by Francis James Child in the late 19th century of the texts of over three hundred ballads in the English and Scots traditions ( called the Child Ballads ) most of which predated the sixteenth century.

* The life and letters of St. Francis Xavier Francis Xavier, Saint, 1506-1552 Coleridge, Henry James, 1822-1893 London: Burns and Oates, ( 1872 )

Gathering on Sanssouci in the Marble Hall, with Voltaire, Casanova, d ' Argens, La Mettrie, James Francis Edward Keith | James Keith, George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal | George Keith, Friedrich Rudolf von Rothenburg, Christoph Ludwig von Stille, Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz and Algarotti.

* 1953 – James D. Watson and Francis Crick announce to friends that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA ; the formal announcement takes place on April 25 following publication in April's Nature ( pub.

Francis Harry Compton Crick, OM, FRS ( 8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004 ) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 together with James D. Watson.

) Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins of King's College were personal friends, which influenced subsequent scientific events as much as the close friendship between Crick and James Watson.

Serious efforts to understand how proteins are encoded began after the structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick, who used the experimental evidence of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin ( among others ).

The assessment of intelligence was initiated by Francis Galton and James McKeen Cattell.

The crisis facing the king came to a head in 1688, with the birth of the King's son, James Francis Edward Stuart, on 10 June ( Julian calendar ).

Rather than return to her Roman Catholic brother James Francis Edward Stuart, the English Parliament decided that Sophia of Hanover and her descendants should succeed ( Act of Settlement 1701 ).

Rather than risk the possible return of James Francis Edward Stuart, then living in France, the English parliament pressed for full union of the two countries.

In 1708 James Francis Edward Stuart, who became known as " The Old Pretender ," attempted an invasion with a French fleet, but the Royal Navy prevented any from landing.

Confirmation and clarity came a year later in 1953, when James D. Watson and Francis Crick correctly hypothesized, in their journal article " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid ", the double helix structure of DNA, and suggested the copying mechanism by which DNA functions as hereditary material.

Because of the increasing costs of food imports to avoid mass-starvation in Germany, and with the danger of losing the entire nation to communism, the U. S. government abandoned the Morgenthau plan in September 1946 with Secretary of State James F. Byrnes ' speech Restatement of Policy on Germany.

* Speech by James F. Byrnes, United States Secretary of State " Restatement of Policy on Germany " Stuttgart September 6, 1946.

* James F. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly The division of Germany

* 1879 – James F. Byrnes, American politician ( d. 1972 )

A picture of a conference session including Clement Attlee, Ernest Bevin, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov, Joseph Stalin, William D. Leahy, Joseph E. Davies, James F. Byrnes, and Harry S. Truman

From left to right, first row: Premier of the Soviet Union | Premier Joseph Stalin ; President Harry S. Truman, Soviet Ambassador to the United States Andrei Gromyko, Secretary of State James F. Byrnes, and List of Russian foreign ministers | Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov.

The Foreign Ministers: Vyacheslav Molotov, James F. Byrnes, and Anthony Eden, July 1945

Sitting ( from left ): Clement Attlee, Harry S. Truman, Joseph Stalin, and behind: William Daniel Leahy, Ernest Bevin, James F. Byrnes, and Vyacheslav Molotov.

In his speech " Restatement of Policy on Germany ", made in Stuttgart on September 6, 1946, United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes stated the U. S. motive in detaching the Saar from Germany: " The United States does not feel that it can deny to France, which has been invaded three times by Germany in 70 years, its claim to the Saar territory ".

* 1946 – United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes announces that the U. S. will follow a policy of economic reconstruction in postwar Germany.

* April 9 – James F. Byrnes, United States Secretary of State and Justice of the Supreme Court ( b. 1879 )

At the recommendation of Governor James Byrnes, Thurmond campaigned on the pledge that if he won, he would resign in 1956 to force a primary election which could be contested.

Potsdam Conference: Clement Attlee, Ernest Bevin, Molotov, Joseph Stalin, William Daniel Leahy, James F. Byrnes, Harry S. Truman and others.

Later, in 1945, Harry S. Truman selected Acheson as his Undersecretary of United States Department of State ; he retained this position working under Secretaries of State Edward Stettinius, Jr., James F. Byrnes, and George Marshall.

As U. S. delegation member and future Secretary of State James F. Byrnes commented, " t was not a question of what we West would let the Russians do, but what we could get the Russians to do.

Members of the Berkeley Township Committee are Council President James J. Byrnes ( Ward 1 ; R, 2013 ), Council Vice President Judy Noonan ( Ward 3 ; R, 2012 ), Kevin M. Askew ( Ward 2 ; R, 2013 ), John Bacchione ( at-large ; R, 2015 ), L. Thomas Grosse, Jr. ( at-large ; R, 2015 ), Robert G. Ray ( at-large ; R, 2015 ) and Frances R. Siddons ( Ward 4 ; R, 2013 ).

Secretary of State James Byrnes, who a year earlier had told physicist Leo Szilard that a public demonstration of the bomb might make Russia " more manageable " in Europe, now argued the opposite: that further display of U. S. nuclear power could harden Russia's position against acceptance of the Acheson – Lilienthal Plan.

* James F. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly ( The division of Germany )

According to some historians the U. S. government formally abandoned the Morgenthau plan as promoted occupation-policy in September 1946 with Secretary of State James F. Byrnes ' speech Restatement of Policy on Germany.

The change was heralded by Restatement of Policy on Germany, a famous speech by James F. Byrnes, then United States Secretary of State, held in Stuttgart on September 6, 1946.

It took 2 years ( 1945 to 1947 ) of death and disease, and fears that starving Germans might " go Communist " before U. S. Secretary of State James F. Byrnes made his Stuttgart speech.

The first and main turning point was the speech " Restatement of Policy on Germany " held in Stuttgart by the United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes on September 6, 1946.

* United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes Stuttgart speech, September 6, 1946 The speech was according to General Clay based on the letter Clay had sent Byrnes urging him to come to Stuttgart.