* 1846 – The Smithsonian Institution is chartered by the United States Congress after James Smithson donates $ 500, 000.

When James Smithson died and left his estate to the U. S. government to build an institution of learning, congress wanted to appropriate the money for other purposes.

In 1829 British scientist James Smithson died, and left his fortune for the " increase and diffusion of knowledge ".

In Smithson's will, he stated that should his nephew, Henry James Hungerford, die without heirs, the Smithson estate would go to the government of the United States to create an " Establishment for the increase & diffusion of Knowledge among men ".

* Beginning of the year – James Smithson, British mineralogist, chemist and posthumous founder of the Smithsonian Institution ( d. 1829 )

* June 27 – James Smithson, British mineralogist and chemist, whose fortune eventually went to the United States of America and was used to initially fund the Smithsonian Institution ( b. 1764 )

The first person to separate the minerals was the British chemist and mineralogist James Smithson in 1803.

James Smithson, FRS, M. A.

Smithson was the illegitimate child of the 1st Duke of Northumberland, and was born James Lewis Macie, in secret in Paris.

At age twenty-two he changed his name to James Smithson, his father's surname.

James Smithson was born about 1765 to Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland and Elizabeth Hungerford Keate Macie.

His birth name was James Lewis Macie, and after the death of his parents he changed his last name to Smithson in 1801.

It was published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London and was the documented instance of his new name, James Smithson.

In his will, Smithson left his fortune to his nephew, Henry James Hungerford.

A young James Smithson, dressed in Oxford University | Oxford regalia, by James Roberts, ca.

; Works by James Smithson

; Works about James Smithson

James Smithson, whose bequest founded the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C. ( despite him never having visited the United States ) was an undergraduate at Pembroke, under the name " James Lewis Macie "— he changed his name to that of his natural father after the death of his mother.

* James Smithson, mineralogist, benefactor of the Smithsonian Institution

The Estate of Robert Smithson is managed by James Cohan Gallery.

* A brief biography of Delambre, partly from the 1880 Encyclopædia Britannica, including an account of Delambre's intervention to request liberation ( from French imprisonment ) of James Smithson, who went on to endow the foundation of the Smithsonian Institution, national museum of the United States of America

Artists producing site-specific works include Michele Oka Doner, Sir Jacob Epstein, Henry Moore, David Smith, Isaac Witkin, Anthony Caro, Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Richard Haas, Alexander Calder, Isamu Noguchi, Louise Nevelson, Leonard Baskin, George Segal, Tom Otterness, Roy Lichtenstein, Olafur Eliasson, Sol LeWitt, Dennis Oppenheim, Max Neuhaus, Robert Smithson, Andy Goldsworthy, Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Dan Flavin, Archie Rand, Richard Serra, Olga Kisseleva, Michael Heizer, Patricia Johanson, James Turrell, Ana Mendieta, Athena Tacha, Alice Adams, Nancy Holt, Rowan Gillespie, Scott Burton, Robert Irwin, Marian Zazeela, Guillaume Bijl, Betty Beaumont and younger artists like Eberhard Bosslet, Mark Divo, Leonard van Munster, Luna Nera, Simparch, Sarah Sze, Stefano Cagol, and Seth Wulsin.

* 1976 — Works by Richard Long, Richard Hamilton, Victor Pasmore, David Mackay, Alison and Peter Smithson, James Stirling, John Davies, Phillip Hyde, Anne Rawcliffe-King, Yolanda Teuten.

In 1764, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, the first practical spinning frame with multiple spindles, in the village of Stanhill, Lancashire.

The couple had six children: James ( 1763 – 94 ), Nathaniel ( 1764 – 81 ), Elizabeth ( 1767 – 71 ), Joseph ( 1768 – 68 ), George ( 1772 – 72 ) and Hugh ( 1776 – 93 ).

While his farming activities continued, in 1764 he went on a geological tour of the north of Scotland with George Maxwell-Clerk, ancestor of the famous James Clerk Maxwell.

In 1764, Watt married his cousin Margaret ( Peggy ) Miller, with whom he had five children, two of whom lived to adulthood: James Jr. ( 1769 – 1848 ) and Margaret ( 1767 – 1796 ).

* 1764: The Spinning Jenny created by James Hargreaves brought on the Industrial Revolution

* James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl ( 1690 – 1764 ), Whig MP and lord of the Isle of Man, 1736 – 1764

* 1764 – James Hargreaves or Thomas Highs invents the spinning jenny ( patented 1770 ).

The lands of the future Centre County were first recorded by James Potter in 1764.

Originally, however, the land was granted as Whitcherville to James Avery and 60 others on January 31, 1764.

Under Durell, the future statesman Charles James Fox matriculated in 1764 ( Hertford, unusually for Oxford, was a Whig College ).

In 1764, Stiles played an influential role in the establishment of the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations ( the original name for Brown University ) by contributing substantially to the drafting of its charter and by serving with thirty-five others-including Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery, Samuel Ward, the Reverend John Gano, the Reverend Isaac Backus, the Reverend Samuel Stillman, and the Reverend James Manning-as a founding fellow or trustee.

Joseph Rogers was born August 21, 1764 near Cook's Town, Ireland, the son of James Rogers and his wife Elizabeth Brown.

Although the first land grant in the area was issued by Lord Fairfax in 1740 it was not until 1764 that Purcellville's first known settler, James Dillon from Buck's County, Pennsylvania, arrived. 1 As might be expected, it would take a road to make a town ; the early ox cart track which wound westward from Leesburg, known later as the " Great Road ," served the purpose.

* Montpelier, c. 1764, Orange County — home of James Madison and a National Trust Historic Site

After the Revolution of 1688 which overthrew James II, there were Jacobite risings in the British Isles ; some Riponmen were jailed in February 1764 upon " suspicion of corresponding with Prince Charles Edward Stuart ".

James Manning Greer was a descendant of John Greer who arrived in Charleston aboard the ship The Falls in 1764.

An early modern recorded reference to the Pomeranian breed is from 2 November 1764, in a diary entry in James Boswell's Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland.

From October 1763 to January 1764 the vicar was the diarist James Woodforde.

Thomas ' uncle James died in 1764, and his widow Jane probably provided both the funds and accommodation which allowed Thomas to attend school in London ; in 1765 or 1766 he started at the Soho Academy.

* James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl ( 1690 – 1764 ) ( third son of the 1st Duke )

Around the mid 18th century, the forms and styles of English country parish music were introduced to America, notably in a new tunebook called Urania, published 1764 by the singing master James Lyon.

After settling in Plymouth, James inherited his father's position as sheriff and Mercy bore him five sons, James ( 1757 – 1821 ), Winslow ( 1759 – 1791 ), Charles ( 1762 – 1784 ), Henry ( 1764 – 1828 ), and George ( 1766 – 1800 ).