* Joule –

* Joule ( J ) –

* 1818 – James Prescott Joule, British physicist ( d. 1889 )

It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule ( 1818 – 1889 ).

* December 24 – James Prescott Joule, British physicist ( d. 1889 )

* October 11 – James Prescott Joule, English physicist ( b. 1818 )

He next experimented with a high pressure hydrogen jet by which low temperatures were realized through the Joule – Thomson effect, and the successful results he obtained led him to build at the Royal Institution a large regenerative cooling refrigerating machine.

* 1876 – Carl von Linde patented equipment to liquefy air using the Joule Thomson expansion process and regenerative cooling

* 1813 – Peter Ewart supports the idea of the conservation of energy in his paper On the measure of moving force ; the paper strongly influences Dalton and his pupil, James Joule

* 1820 – John Herapath develops some ideas in the kinetic theory of gases but mistakenly associates temperature with molecular momentum rather than kinetic energy ; his work receives little attention other than from Joule

* 1843 – James Joule experimentally finds the mechanical equivalent of heat

* 1852 – Joule and Thomson demonstrate that a rapidly expanding gas cools, later named the Joule – Thomson effect or Joule – Kelvin effect

The son of Benjamin Joule ( 1784 – 1858 ), a wealthy brewer, and Alice Prescott Joule, James Prescott Joule was born in the house adjoining the Joule Brewery in New Bailey Street, Salford 24 December 1818.

* Joule – Thomson effect

Joule, however, never used that term, but used instead the term perfect thermo-dynamic engine in reference to Thomson ’ s 1849 phraseology.

Unanticipated, Thomson and Joule met later that year in Chamonix.

Marital enthusiasm notwithstanding, Joule and Thomson arranged to attempt an experiment a few days later to measure the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the Cascade de Sallanches waterfall, though this subsequently proved impractical.

Surprisingly, Thomson did not send Joule a copy of his paper but when Joule eventually read it he wrote to Thomson on 6 October, claiming that his studies had demonstrated conversion of heat into work but that he was planning further experiments.

In his 1851 paper, Thomson was willing to go no further than a compromise and declared " the whole theory of the motive power of heat is founded on ... two ... propositions, due respectively to Joule, and to Carnot and Clausius ".

As soon as Joule read the paper he wrote to Thomson with his comments and questions.

Thus began a fruitful, though largely epistolary, collaboration between the two men, Joule conducting experiments, Thomson analysing the results and suggesting further experiments.

Though in 1847 he published a paper in Liebig's Annalen der Chemie on the ' Mercaptan of Selenium ,' his mind was busy with the new ideas upon the nature of heat which were promulgated by Carnot, Clapeyron, Joule, Clausius, Mayer, Thomson, and Rankine.

In thermodynamics, the Joule – Thomson effect or Joule – Kelvin effect or Kelvin – Joule effect or Joule – Thomson expansion describes the temperature change of a gas or liquid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while kept insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment.

Current through a resistance causes localised heating, an effect James Prescott Joule studied mathematically in 1840.

For Calvet-type calorimeters, a specific calibration, so called Joule effect or electrical calibration, has been developed to overcome all the problems encountered by a calibration done with standard materials.

The effect is named for James Prescott Joule and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who discovered it in 1852 following earlier work by Joule on Joule expansion, in which a gas undergoes free expansion in a vacuum.

Many of the city's streets, such as Bessemer, Joule, Edison, Darwin, and Watt, are named after famous scientists and inventors.

They are named after James Prescott Joule.

* James Prescott Joule, English physicist, after whom the SI unit of work, the joule, is named

* Joule Physics Laboratory provides a suite of new, purpose-built physics teaching laboratories and is named after James Prescott Joule, whose former home is situated opposite the Peel Building.

Besides the law named in his honor, Lenz also independently discovered Joule's law in 1842 ; to honor his efforts on the problem, it is also given the name the " Joule – Lenz law ," named also for James Prescott Joule.

This type of expansion is named after James Prescott Joule who used this expansion, in 1845, in his study for the mechanical equivalent of heat, but this expansion was known long before Joule e. g. by John Leslie, in the beginning of the 19th century, and studied by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac in 1807 with similar results as obtained by Joule.

The notion of “ magnetic resistance ” was first mentioned by James Joule and the term " magnetomotive force ” ( MMF ) was first named by Bosanquet.

After James Prescott Joule had determined the mechanical equivalent of heat, Lord Kelvin approached the question from an entirely different point of view, and in 1848 devised a scale of absolute temperature which was independent of the properties of any particular substance and was based solely on the fundamental laws of thermodynamics.

File: Joule James sitting. jpg | James Prescott Joule ( 1818-1889 ): discovered that heat is a form of energy, ideas led to the theory of conservation of energy, worked with Lord Kelvin to develop the absolute scale of temperature, made observations on magnetostriction, found the relationship between current through resistance and the heat dissipated, now called Joule's law.

Pierre Perrot claims that the term thermodynamics was coined by James Joule in 1858 to designate the science of relations between heat and power.

* James Joule experimentally finds the mechanical equivalent of heat.

In 1847, the English physicist James Joule showed that he could raise the temperature of water by turning a paddle wheel in it, thus showing that heat and mechanical work were equivalent or proportional to each other, i. e., approximately,.

James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule was a famous pupil of Dalton.

Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning is based on inventions and discoveries made by Nikolay Lvov, Michael Faraday, Willis Carrier, Reuben Trane, James Joule, William Rankine, Sadi Carnot, and many others.

James Prescott Joule FRS (;

James Prescott Joule