Economic anthropology as influenced by Karl Polanyi and practiced by Marshall Sahlins and George Dalton challenged standard neoclassical economics to take account of cultural and social factors, and employed Marxian analysis into anthropological study.

Critics, such as political economist Karl Polanyi, question whether a spontaneously ordered market can exist, completely free of " distortions " of political policy ; claiming that even the ostensibly freest markets require a state to exercise coercive power in some areas-to enforce contracts, to govern the formation of labor unions, to spell out the rights and obligations of corporations, to shape who has standing to bring legal actions, to define what constitutes an unacceptable conflict of interest, etc.

On 4 August Orwell gave a talk at the Adelphi Summer School held at Langham, entitled An Outsider Sees the Distressed Areas ; others who spoke at the School included John Strachey, Max Plowman, Karl Polanyi and Reinhold Niebuhr.

His older brother was Karl Polanyi, the political economist.

* Karl Polanyi

Economic anthropologists such as Marshall Sahlins, Karl Polanyi, Marcel Mauss or Maurice Godelier have demonstrated that in traditional societies, choices people make regarding production and exchange of goods follow patterns of reciprocity which differ sharply from what the homo economicus model postulates.

* Polanyi, Karl The Great Transformation

Economies in history and theory ", edited by Karl Polanyi, Conrad M. Arensberg and Harry W. Pearson ( New York / London: The Free Press: Collier-Macmillan, 1957 ).

He received both a Bachelors and Masters degree at the University of Michigan where he studied with Leslie White, and earned his Ph. D. at Columbia University in 1954 where his main intellectual influences included Karl Polanyi and Julian Steward.

* Karl Polanyi

Hungarian socialist and political economist Karl Polanyi made the antitheical argument to Hayek in the book The Great Transformation.

The substantivist position, first proposed by Karl Polanyi in his work The Great Transformation, argues that the term ' economics ' has two meanings: the formal meaning refers to economics as the logic of rational action and decision-making, as rational choice between the alternative uses of limited ( scarce ) means.

Starting in the 1950s, however, substantivists such as Karl Polanyi challenged these ideas, arguing instead that primitive societies could engage in alternatives to traditional Western market trade ; namely, gift trade and administered trade.

“ Karl Polanyi ’ s Concept of Non-Market Trade .” The Journal of Economic History 30: 1 ( Mar., 1970 ): 117-126.

Lewis, essayist Edward Hoagland, literary critic Camille Paglia, rhetorician Kenneth Burke, fomer United Artists ' senior vice-president Steven Bach, novelists Bernard Malamud and John Gardner, trumpeter / composer Bill Dixon, composers Allen Shawn, Henry Brant, and Vivian Fine, painters Kenneth Noland and Jules Olitski, politicians Mansour Farhang and Mac Maharaj, poets Léonie Adams and Howard Nemerov, sculptor Anthony Caro, dancer / choreographer Martha Graham, drummer Milford Graves, author William " Bill " Butler ( author of The Butterfly Revolution ), economist Karl Polanyi and a number of Pulitzer Prize-winning poets including W. H. Auden, Stanley Kunitz, Mary Oliver, Theodore Roethke and Anne Waldman.

Exactly who was the first is unclear, but the best candidate is Karl Polanyi, the economic typologist, then toward the end of his life and at the peak of his career.

The concept of embeddedness was originated by Karl Polanyi in his book The Great Transformation ), but actual meaning of this concept was a bit different.

Tausch ( 2003 ) traces the beginnings of World systems theory to the writings of the Austro-Hungarian socialist Karl Polanyi after the First World War.

Karl Paul Polanyi ( ; born October 25, 1886, Vienna, Austro-Hungarian Empire – April 23, 1964, Pickering, Ontario ) was a Hungarian economic historian, economic anthropologist and social philosopher known for his opposition to traditional economic thought and his book, The Great Transformation.

Mihály Pollacsek father of Karl and Michael Polanyi, was a railway entrepreneur.

The name change to Polanyi ( not von Polanyi ) was effected by Karl and his siblings.

* Primitive, Archaic, and Modern Economics: Essays of Karl Polanyi ( 1968, collected essays and selections from his work ).

* The Karl Polanyi Institute of Political Economy-The Karl Polanyi Institute of Political Economy at Concordia University web site.

* Great Northern War: Final defeat of Poland by Karl XII.

* July 9 – Crossing of the Düna: Following his victories over Denmark and Russia in 1700, Karl XII of Sweden escalates the conflict in the Great Northern War by an invasion of Poland.

* Frederika Luise Wilhelmina ( The Hague, 28 November 1770 – The Hague, 15 October 1819 ), married in The Hague on 14 October 1790 Karl, Hereditary Prince of Braunschweig ( London, 8 February 1766 – Antoinettenruh, 20 September 1806 ), a son of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Princess Augusta of Great Britain, without issue.

Karl Kerenyi ( and Robert Graves ) theorizes that Ariadne ( whose name they derive from Hesychius ' listing of Άδνον, a Cretan-Greek form for arihagne, " utterly pure ") was a Great Goddess of Crete, " the first divine personage of Greek mythology to be immediately recognized in Crete ", once archaeology had begun.

Augusta was a daughter of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Princess Augusta of Great Britain, George III of the United Kingdom's older sister.

Pehr Gustaf Svinhufvud af Qvalstad, an army lieutenant in the reign of Karl XII, had moved from there to Rapola after the Great Northern War.

In 1718, the Great Northern War ended when Karl XII was shot and killed at the Fredriksten fortress.

Augusta was the eldest daughter of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Princess Augusta of Great Britain, elder sister of George III of the United Kingdom.

In contrast to Swedish Estonia, which had submitted to Swedish rule voluntarily in 1561 and where traditional local laws remained largely untouched, the uniformity policy was applied in Swedish Livonia under Karl XI of Sweden: serfdom was abolished, peasants were offered education as well as military, administrative or ecclesiastical careers, and nobles had to transfer domains to the king in the Great Reduction.

With the outbreak of World War I, then called The Great War, Ludendorff was first appointed Deputy Chief of Staff to the German Second Army under General Karl von Bülow.

Great power forwards of the past include Kevin McHale, Karl Malone, Dennis Rodman and Charles Barkley.

The Great Wallendas, a 1978 made-for-TV movie starring Karl Wallenda, depicts the act's comeback after a fatal accident involving several family members during a performance.

Augusta was the eldest daughter of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Princess Augusta of Great Britain, elder sister of George III of the United Kingdom.

Duke Frederick II had two sons and two daughters by his first marriage to the late Princess Augusta ( 3 December 1764 – 27 September 1788 ), the daughter of Duke Karl II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Augusta of Great Britain ( the elder sister of George III ) and the elder sister of Caroline of Brunswick, the estranged wife of the future George IV ( then Prince of Wales ).

At length, in 1830, Rauch began, along with the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel, the models for a colossal equestrian monument at Berlin to honor King Frederick II of Prussia ( Frederick the Great ).

* In These Great Times: A Karl Kraus Reader ( 1984 ), ed.

An urn containing her ashes was subsequently kept safe by a succession of left wing organizations, including the Social Democratic Federation, the British Socialist Party, and the Communist Party of Great Britain, before finally being buried alongside the remains of Karl Marx and other family members at Highgate Cemetery in London in 1956.

The problem was solved at the Congress of Vienna, when the Great Powers followed a plan worked out by Karl August von Hardenberg, prime minister of the Kingdom of Prussia, who proposed a ring exchange of territories and payments between the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Hanover ( ruled in personal union with Great Britain and Ireland ), the Kingdom of Prussia and the Kingdom of Sweden.

The active ingredient in liver remained unknown until 1948, when it was isolated by two chemists, Karl A. Folkers of the United States and Alexander R. Todd of Great Britain.

Following the Great Depression, Eastman started to abandon his socialist beliefs, becoming increasingly critical of the ideas of Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, and G. W. F. Hegel which he had once admired.