* 1976 – Kim Jong Kook, South Korean singer ( Turbo )

* 1987 – Kim Kyu Jong, Korean singer ( SS501 )

This may even lead to an institutional variability, as in North Korea, where, after the presidency of party leader Kim Il-Sung, the office was vacant for years, the late president being granted the posthumous title ( akin to some ancient Far Eastern traditions to give posthumous names and titles to royalty ) of " Eternal President " ( while all substantive power, as party leader, itself not formally created for four years, was inherited by his son Kim Jong Il, initially without any formal office ) until it was formally replaced on 5 September 1998, for ceremonial purposes, by the office of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, while the party leader's post as Chairman of the National Defense Commission was simultaneously declared " the highest post of the state ", not unlike Deng Xiaoping earlier in the People's Republic of China.

Modern examples in this field include Adolf Hitler, Mao Zedong and Kim Jong Il, whose tenures as heads of state were accompanied by a significant cult of personality.

Later in 2011, Kim Jong Il has died and has been replaced by Kim Jong Un, Kim Jong Il's son.

Kim Jong Il was already conducting most of the day-to-day running of the state, and apparently kept his aging father in the dark about the growing economic disaster throughout the country.

Amid these growing problems, Kim Jong Il began reworking the DPRK's political system to accommodate his own style of governing.

During the 2000s, Kim Jong Il made no serious effort to revive the Stalinist economic system his father had spent years building.

Second, Kim Jong Il started his career as a party cadre and his succession to power took place within the structure of the party.

Members: Pak To Chun, Kim Jong Gak, Ju Kyu Chang, Paek Se Bong, and since 2012: Choe Ryong Hae, Kim Won Hong and Ri Myong Su

Minister of People ’ s Armed Forces: Kim Jong Gak

Members and Alternate Members of Political Bureau: Kim Jong-un, Kim Yong-nam, Choe Yong Rim, Choe Ryong Hae, Kim Yong Chun, Jon Pyong Ho, Kim Kuk Thae, Kim Ki Nam, Choe Thae-bok, Yang Hyong Sop, Kang Sok Ju, Pyon Yong Rip, Ri Yong Mu, Ju Sang Song, Hong Sok Hyong and Kim Kyong Hui, and since April 2012 Kim Jong Gak, Jang Song Thaek, Pak To Chun, Hyon Chol Hae, Kim Won Hong and Ri Myong Su ( members ), Kim Yang Gon, Kim Yong Il, Choe Ryong Hae, Ju Kyu Chang, Ri Thae Nam, Kim Rak Hui, Thae Jong Su, Kim Phyong Hae, U Tong Chuk, Pak Jong Sun, Kim Chang Sop and Mun Kyong Dok and since April 2012: Kwak Pom Gi, O Kuk Ryol, Ro Tu Chol, Ri Pyong Sam and Jo Yon Jun ( alternate members )

Fearing that communist Korea under a Kim Il Sung dictatorship could threaten Japan and foster other communist movements in Asia, Truman committed U. S. forces and obtained help from the United Nations to counter the North Korean invasion.

Contrary to America's policy which restrained armament ( limited equipment was provided for infantry and police forces ) to South Korea, Stalin extensively armed Kim Il Sung's North Korean army and air forces with military equipment ( to include T-34 / 85 tanks ) and " advisors " far in excess of those required for defensive purposes ) in order to facilitate Kim's ( a former Soviet Officer ) aim of conquering the rest of the Korean peninsula.

Also, while still very much a totalitarian state, the DPRK had become somewhat less rigid than in Kim Il Sung's day.

Thus, on the basis of remarks made by President Kim Il Sung in 1977 concerning school attendance, the population that year was calculated at 17. 2 million persons.

The party organs within the military were strengthened after two incidents in 1956 and 1969 that resulted in a wide-scale purge of factions opposed to Kim Il Sung.

: Short: " The Original Doctor Shade " by Kim Newman ( Interzone )

A Short, Sharp Shock ( sometimes titled Short, Sharp Shock ) is a 1990 fantasy novel by Kim Stanley Robinson.

In the early 1970s Warman joined the group Bearded Lady ( originally named Elmo's Fire ) as a vocalist / rhythm guitarist with fellow members Freddy Sheriff on guitar, Chris Peel on bass, Mickey Irvine ( Later replaced by Paul ' The Mouse ' Martin and then Clive ' Short Bar ' Brooks and finally Bryson Graham ) on drums and Kim Jury and Theresa O ' Neil as backing singers.

* Kim Sung-soo, Biography of a Korean Quaker, Ham Sok-hon, Seoul: Samin Books, 2001, 360 pp. ISBN 978-89-87519-49-4

Kim Il Sung: Biography.

* Skyscript-A Brief Biography of Leo Alan by Kim Farnell

* Ryang, Key S. “ Ch ’ oe Ch ’ i-won ’ s ( b. 857 ) Biography and Kim Pusik ’ s Samguk sagi ( 1145 )”.

* Biography: Kim Severson, New York Times

Relations were normalised in April 2007 during a visit by North Korean Vice Foreign Minister Kim Yong-il to Burma.

** Vice Foreign Minister: Kim Kye Gwan

Recent bilateral activities between the United States and North Korea have included an April 2011 visit by former President Jimmy Carter, a July 2011 meeting between U. S. Special Representative for North Korea Policy Stephen Bosworth and North Korean First Vice Foreign Minister Kim Gye Gwan, and a February 2012 bilateral meeting in Beijing that resulted in an agreement to halt uranium enrichment in exchange for U. S. food aid ( which has now been cancelled due to North Korea's April 2012 long-range missile test ).

* Hardliners Target Détente with North Korea – Suzy Kim and John Feffer, Foreign Policy in Focus, February 11, 2008.

Foreign commentators suspect that Kim Pyong-il was sent to these distant posts by his father in order to avoid a power struggle between his two sons.

* Kim Chol U, Army-Centred Politics Of Kim Jong Il, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang, North Korea, 2002, Softcover, 98 pages

* Kim Jong Il Brief History, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang, North Korea, 1998, Hardcover, 149 pages

* Nada Takashi, Korea In Kim Jong Il's Era, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang, North Korea, 2000, Softcover, 163 pages

* Li Il Bok, The Great Man Kim Jong Il, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang, North Korea, 1989, Softcover, 167 pages

* Jo Song Baek, The Leadership Philosophy Of Kim Jong Il, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang, North Korea, 1999, Softcover, 261 pages

* Guiding Light General Kim Jong Il, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang, North Korea, 1997, Softcover, 357 pages

In 2005, professor Kim Rekho ( 김려춘 ; 金麗春 ) of the Russian Academy of Sciences came across a written account of the incident by a Russian architect Afanasy Seredin-Sabatin ( Афанасий Иванович Середин-Сабатин ) in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire ( Архив внешней политики Российской империи ; AVPRI ).

The letter was criticised by the then Foreign Office minister, Kim Howells who criticised Muslim leaders for condemning British foreign policy.

" Brereton's activism on the East Timor issue was strongly opposed by senior Labor political figures, notably former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and former Foreign Minister Gareth Evans and found little support from Federal Labor leader Kim Beazley.

The State Department's Foreign Affairs Manual takes the position that this issue was settled by the Wong Kim Ark ruling.

Other notable universities include Kim Chaek University of Technology, which focuses on computer science, Pyongyang University of Foreign Studies, which trains working level diplomats and trade officials, and Kim Hyong Jik University, which trains teachers.

* Kim In Gi, Kimilsungia, Foreign Languages Publishing House, softcover, 100 pages

Kim Jong Suk, is the chairwoman of the Korean Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries.

According to the KFA, Cao has received several North Korean awards including the North Korean Friendship Medal from the DPRK's Supreme People's Assembly, diplomas from the Central Committee of Radio and Television of the DPRK and the Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, and a personal gift from Kim Jong Il.