This work and the Kitab al-Istiḳat were severely, criticized by Maimonides in a letter to Samuel ibn Tibbon ( Iggerot ha-Rambam, p. 28, Leipsic, 1859 ), in which he declared that they had no value, inasmuch as Isaac Israeli ben Solomon was nothing more than a physician.

In a work written in Arabic, and entitled Kitab al-Ḥujjah wal-Dalil fi Nuṣr al-Din al-Dhalil, كتاب الحجة و الدليل في نصرة الدين الذليل, ( known in the Hebrew translation of Judah ibn Tibbon by the title Sefer ha-Kuzari ), Judah ha-Levi expounded his views upon the teachings of Judaism, which he defended against the attacks of non-Jewish philosophers, against the Karaites, and against those he viewed as " heretics ".

According to another Hebrew source, the original title was Kitab al-Aiman.

It was written in Judeo-Arabic ( but in Hebrew characters ) approximately in 1040 under the title Kitab al-Hidāya ilā Fara ' id al-Qulūb, Book of Direction to the Duties of the Heart, sometimes titled as Guide to the Duties of the Heart, and translated into Hebrew by Judah ibn Tibbon in the years 1161-80 under the title Chovot HaLevavot.

* Kitab al-Ḥummayat, The Book of Fevers, in Hebrew Sefer ha-Ḳadaḥot, ספר הקדחות, a complete treatise, in five books, on the kinds of fever, according to the ancient physicians, especially Hippocrates.

* Kitab al-Baul, or in Hebrew Sefer ha-Shetan, a treatise on urine, of which the author himself made an abridgement.

* Kitab al-Ḥudud wal-Rusum, translated into Hebrew by Nissim b. Solomon ( 14th cent.

Within the Kitab Ezra attempts to blend a fusion of Arabic as well as Hebrew rhetorical claims in order to illustrate examples from both the Qur ' an and Bible.

Far more successful was the " Kitab al-Muḥaḍarah wal-Mudhakarah ," a treatise on rhetoric and poetry, which was composed on the lines of the " Adab " writings of the Arabs, and is the only work of its kind in Hebrew literature.

He wrote also an astrological introduction and an arithmetic treatise Kitab fi usul hisab al-hind ( Principles of Hindu Reckoning, extant in Arabic and Hebrew ).

In particular, in a work written in Arabic Kitab al-Ḥujjah wal-Dalil fi Nuṣr al-Din al-Dhalil, translated by Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon, by the title Sefer ha-Kuzari he elaborates upon his views of Judaism relative to other religions of the time.

* Judah ha-Levi's Kitab al-Ḥujjah, under the title Sefer ha-Kuzari ( 1167 ).

:* His grammar, Kitab al-Luma ', under the title Sefer ha-Rikmah ( 1171 ; edited by B. Goldberg, with notes by R. Kirchheim, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, 1856 ).

:* Kitab al-Uṣul, under the title Sefer ha-Shorashim ( edited by Bacher, Berlin, 1896 ).

* Saadia's Kitab al-Amanat wal-I ' tiḳadat, under the title Sefer ha-Emunot weha-De ' ot ( 1186 ; first ed.

Their works became more widely known in Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, beginning with the Latin translation of Jābir ’ s Kitab al-Kimya in 1144.

* 1270 – Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.

* Publication of The Book of Healing ( Arabic: کتاب الشفاء Kitab Al-Shifaʾ, Latin: Sufficientia ), a comprehensive scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by the Persian polymath Avicenna ( Abū ʿAlī ibn Sīnā ).

* Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.

* c. 1225 — Ibn al-Baitar, al-Nabati's student, writes his Kitab al-Jami fi al-Adwiya al-Mufrada, a botanical and pharmaceutical encyclopedia describing 1, 400 plants, foods, and drugs, 300 of which are his own original discoveries ; a later Latin translation of his work is useful to European biologists and pharmacists in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Circa 1140 Herman translated into Latin the astronomical work of Abu Ma ' shar Kitab al-madkhal ila ilm ahkam al nujum ( Introduction to Astronomy ).

Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, considered the greatest epic of Italian literature, derived many features of and episodes about the hereafter directly or indirectly from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj ( translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi, " The Book of Muhammad's Ladder ") concerning Muhammad's ascension to Heaven, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi.

The Book of Healing ( Arabic: کتاب الشفاء Kitab Al-Shifaʾ, Latin: Sufficientia ) is a scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by Abū Alī ibn Sīnā ( Avicenna ) from Asfahana, near Bukhara in Greater Persia.

Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, considered the greatest epic of Italian literature, derived many features of and episodes about the hereafter directly or indirectly from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj ( translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi, " The Book of Muhammad's Ladder ") concerning Muhammad's ascension to Heaven, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi.

The investigations and writings of these Renaissance theorists of architecture and visual art were informed by the studies in classical optics of thirteenth-century Franciscan perspectivists like Roger Bacon, John Peckham, and Witelo, who all were directly inspired and influenced by the translation into Latin from Arabic of the Book of Optics ( known in Latinate renditions as Perspectiva, and in Arabic as Kitab al-manazir ) of the eleventh-century Arab polymath and optician, Alhazen ( Ibn al-Haytham ).

Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, considered the greatest epic of Italian literature, derived many features of and episodes about the hereafter directly or indirectly from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj ( translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi, " The Book of Muhammad's Ladder ") concerning Muhammad's ascension to Heaven, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi.

Witelo's treatise in optics was closely linked to the Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic opus: Kitab al-manazir ( The Book of Optics ; De aspectibus or Perspectivae ), and both were printed in the Friedrich Risner edition Opticae Thesaurus ( Basel, 1572 ).

Its Latin title is " Introductorium in Astronomiam ", a translation of the Arabic Kitab al-mudkhal al-kabir ila ' ilm ahkam an-nujjum, written in Baghdad in the year 848 A. D.

His works include " The elaboration of the Grand Elixir "; " The chest of wisdom " in which he writes on nitric acid ; Kitab al-istitmam ( translated to Latin later as Summa Perfectionis ); and others.

He wrote many books on optics, most significantly the Book of Optics ( Kitab al Manazir in Arabic ), translated into Latin as the De aspectibus or Perspectiva, which disseminated his ideas to Western Europe and had great influence on the later developments of optics.

His knowledge of optics was connected to the handed-down long-standing tradition of the Kitab al-manazir ( The Optics ; De aspectibus ) of the Arab polymath Alhazen ( Ibn al-Haytham, d. c. 1041 ), which was mediated by Franciscan optical workshops of the 13th-century Perspectivae traditions of scholars such as Roger Bacon, John Peckham and Witelo ( similar influences are also traceable in the third commentary of Lorenzo Ghiberti, Commentario terzo ).

F. Rahman, Avicenna ’ s De Anima, Being the Psychological Part of Kitab al-Shifa ’, London: Oxford University Press, 1959.

Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi ( Abulcasis ), who some have called the father of modern surgery, wrote the Kitab al-Tasrif ( 1000 ), a 30-volume medical encyclopedia which was taught at Muslim and European medical schools until the 17th century.

* c. 1010 — Avicenna ( Abu Ali al Hussein ibn Abdallah ibn Sina ) published The Canon of Medicine ( Kitab al-Qanun fi al-tibb ), in which he introduces clinical trials and clinical pharmacology, and which remains an authoritative text in European medical education up until the 17th century.

His greatest contribution to medicine is the Kitab al-Tasrif, a thirty-volume encyclopedia of medical practices.

Abū al-Qāsim's thirty-chapter medical treatise, Kitab al-Tasrif, completed in the year 1000, covered a broad range of medical topics, including dentistry and childbirth, which contained data that had accumulated during a career that spanned almost 50 years of training, teaching and practice.

Abu ' l Qasim al-Zahrawi's 11th century medical encyclopedia: Kitab al-Tasrif.

He is famous for his book Kitab Al-Ma ' a ( The Book of Water ), which is a medical encyclopedia.

He was known primarily for his medical compendium titled Kitab al-Mukhtarat fi al-tibb (), " The Book of Selections in Medicine.

His major composition was a large Arabic medical compendium, Kitab al-Hawi fi ‘ ilm al-tadawi ( The Comprehensive Book on the Art of Curing ), whose title often caused confusion with the better-known Kitab al-Hawi ( The Comprehensive Book ) written four centuries earlier by Rhazes.

Other works were the Fasl al-Maqal, which argued for the legality of philosophical investigation under Islamic law, and the Kitab al-Kashf, which argued against the proofs of Islam advanced by the Ash ' arite school and discussed what proofs, on the popular level, should be used instead.

Other works were the Fasl al-Maqal, which argued for the legality of philosophical investigation under Islamic law, and the Kitab al-Kashf.

Using the methods both of a man of the kalam and of a philosopher, he wrote studies on Avicenna's Al-Isharat wa -‘ l-tanbihat ( Remarks and Admonitions ) and Kitab Al-Shifaʾ ( The Book of Healing ); attempted to solve the difficulties ( hill al-mushkilat ) of al-Suhrawardi's Kitab al-talwihat ( Book of Elucidations ); wrote a treatise comparing ( tanasub ) the Ash ' arites and the Sophists ; two other encyclopaedic treatises, The Hidden Secrets ( al-Asar al-khaffyah ) in philosophical sciences, the autographed version of which is at Najaf, and a Complete Course of Instruction ( Ta ' lim tamm ) on philosophy and the kalam, etc.