The MU puzzle is a good example of a logical problem where determining an invariant is useful.

Thus something as simple as a newspaper might be specified to six levels, as in Douglas Hofstadter's illustration of that ambiguity, with a progression from abstract to concrete in Gödel, Escher, Bach ( 1979 ):

Within philosophy familiar names include Daniel Dennett who writes from a computational systems perspective, John Searle known for his controversial Chinese room, Jerry Fodor who advocates functionalism, and Douglas Hofstadter, famous for writing Gödel, Escher, Bach, which questions the nature of words and thought.

He is best known for his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid, first published in 1979.

Hofstadter's thesis about consciousness, first expressed in Gödel, Escher, Bach ( GEB ) but also present in several of his later books, is that it is an emergent consequence of seething lower-level activity in the brain.

* Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid ( ISBN 0-465-02656-7 ) ( 1979 )

A typical description of the problem is given in the book Gödel, Escher, Bach, by Douglas Hofstadter

Typical of these references is Gödel, Escher, Bach by Douglas Hofstadter, which accords the paradox a prominent place in a discussion of self-reference.

Gödel, Escher, Bach by Douglas Hofstadter, published in 1979, discusses the ideas of self-reference and strange loops, drawing on a wide range of artistic and scientific work, including the art of M. C. Escher and the music of J. S. Bach, to illustrate ideas behind Gödel's incompleteness theorems.

The name " quine " was coined by Douglas Hofstadter, in his popular science book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, in the honor of philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine ( 1908 – 2000 ), who made an extensive study of indirect self-reference, and in particular for the following paradox-producing expression, known as Quine's paradox:

* Gödel, Escher, Bach by Douglas Hofstadter ( detailed discussion and many examples )

* In Gödel, Escher, Bach by Douglas Hofstadter, the various chapters are separated by dialogues between Achilles and the tortoise, inspired by Lewis Carroll ’ s works.

Author Douglas Hofstadter, in Gödel, Escher, Bach, characterizes the distinction in this way.

The concept of a strange loop was proposed and extensively discussed by Douglas Hofstadter in Gödel, Escher, Bach, and is further elaborated in Hofstadter's book I Am a Strange Loop, published in 2007.

Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid ( commonly GEB ) is a 1979 book by Douglas Hofstadter, described by his publishing company as " a metaphorical fugue on minds and machines in the spirit of Lewis Carroll ".

On its surface, GEB examines logician Kurt Gödel, artist M. C. Escher and composer Johann Sebastian Bach, discussing common themes in their work and lives.

Gödel, Escher, Bach won the Pulitzer Prize for general non-fiction

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