This conflict became increasingly sharp in 1873, when Thiers himself was censured by the National Assembly as not being " sufficiently conservative " and resigned to make way for Marshal Patrice MacMahon as the new president.

The 16 May 1877 crisis eventually led to the resignation of royalist Marshal MacMahon in January 1879.

After suffering a check at the Battle of Wörth on August 6, 1870, the commander of the French right ( south ) wing, Marshal Patrice MacMahon, retreated westward.

Marshal MacMahon took command of I Corps ( 4 infantry divisions ) near Wissembourg, Marshal François Canrobert brought VI Corps ( 4 infantry divisions ) to Châlons-sur-Marne in northern France as a reserve and to guard against a Prussian advance through Belgium.

Marshal MacMahon, now closest to Wissembourg, left his four divisions spread apart in diameter to react to any Prussian invasion.

As a result of the defeat, Napoleon III, along with Field Marshal MacMahon, formed the new French Army of Châlons to march on to Metz to rescue Bazaine.

With Napoleon III personally leading the army with Marshal MacMahon in attendance, they led the Army of Châlons in a left-flanking march northeast towards the Belgian border in an attempt to avoid the Prussians before striking south to link up with Bazaine.

On 8 March 1876 he was elected president of the Chamber of Deputies, a post which he filled with such efficiency that upon the resignation of Marshal MacMahon he seemed to step naturally into the Presidency of the Republic ( 30 January 1879 ), and was elected without opposition by the republican parties.

When Adolphe Thiers resigned in May 1873, and a Royalist, Marshal MacMahon, was placed at the head of the government, Gambetta urged his friends to a moderate course.

Gambetta rendered France three inestimable services: by preserving her self-respect through the gallantry of the resistance he organized during the Franco-Prussian War, by his tact in persuading extreme partisans to accept a moderate Republic, and by his energy in overcoming the usurpation attempted by the advisers of Marshal MacMahon.

Marshal MacMahon was wounded during the attacks and command passed to General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot.

Emperor Napoleon III, along with Marshal MacMahon, formed the new French Army of Châlons to march on to Metz to rescue Bazaine.

With Napoleon III personally leading the army, with Marshal MacMahon in attendance, they led the Army of Châlons in a left-flanking march northeast towards the Belgian border in an attempt to avoid the Prussians before striking south to link up with Bazaine.

When the comte de Chambord refused the compromise, he moved the resolution to extend the executive power for ten years to Marshal MacMahon.

During the presidency of Marshal MacMahon, he had appeared from time to time at the Elysée.

During the Franco-Prussian War he volunteered with French forces and served with Marshal MacMahon.

* Marshal MacMahon ( Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta ( 1808 – 1893 )) the first president of the Third Republic of France, from 1875 to 1879.

In 1872 the dispute between Great Britain and Portugal was submitted to the arbitration of Adolphe Thiers, the French president ; and on 19 April 1875 his successor, Marshal MacMahon, declared in favor of the Portuguese.

While bishop of Nancy he met Marshal MacMahon, then governor-general of Algeria, who in 1866 offered him the see of Algiers, just raised to an archbishopric.

Another particular example is Marshal de MacMahon, who ruled the Third Republic from 1875 to 1879.

On May 27, 1871, when the last barricade, in the rue Ramponeau in Belleville, fell, Marshal MacMahon issued a proclamation: " To the inhabitants of Paris.

This lasted until at least the May 16, 1877 crisis, which finally led to the resignation of royalist Marshal MacMahon in January 1879.

* 1713 – Louis, 4th duc de Noailles, French peer and Marshal of France ( d. 1793 )

Camille d ' Hostun, duc de Tallard | Marshal Tallard ( 1652 – 1728 ).

* 1718 – Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France ( d. 1804 )

* December 7 – Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno, Marshal of France ( d. 1841 )

* January 4 – François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, Marshal of France ( b. 1628 )

* October 21 – Pierre Augereau, Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione ( d. 1816 )

* August 22 – Louis, 4th duc de Noailles, Marshal of France ( b. 1713 )

* June 12 – Pierre Augereau, Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione ( b. 1757 )

* September 28 – Henri de La Tour d ' Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne, duc de Bouillon, Marshal of France ( d. 1623 )

* October 19 – Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France ( d. 1804 )

* April 21 – Louis, 4th duc de Noailles, Marshal of France ( d. 1793 )

* June 11 – Louis Joseph de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme, Marshal of France ( b. 1654 )

The Allies had initially split on the best candidate for the throne: Britain favoured the Bourbons, the Austrians considered a regency for Napoleon's son, François Bonaparte, and the Russians were open to either the duc d ' Orléans, Louis Philippe, or Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Napoleon's former Marshal, who was in line for the Swedish throne.

* François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, a Marshal of France

After a forced march, the Allies crossed the river Schelde at Oudenaarde just as the French army, under Marshal Vendôme and the duc de Burgundy, was crossing farther north with the intent of besieging the place.

Napoleon ordered Marshal Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno, to Montereau, but Victor's force was slow in marching on Montereau, this gave time for Württemberg to strengthen his hasty positions.

It resulted in the victory of the French under Marshal François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg against a joint English-Scottish-Dutch-German army under Prince William of Orange.

After the defeat of France, Chateaubriand, who had declared himself shocked by the 1804 execution of the duc d ' Enghien, voted in December 1815 for Marshal Ney's execution at the Chamber of Peers.

César, duc de Choiseul, comte du Plessis-Praslin ( 1602 – 23 December 1675 ) was a Marshal of France and French diplomat, generally known for the best part of his life as the maréchal ( marshal ) du Plessis-Praslin.

He was allowed to keep his sabre and to move freely, bound only by his word of honour, and soon was exchanged for Marshal Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno, and was actively employed in Pomerania, at Berlin, and at Königsberg until the conclusion of the war.

Thomas Robert Bugeaud, marquis de la Piconnerie, duc d ' Isly ( 15 October 1784 – 10 June 1849 ) was a Marshal of France and Governor-General of Algeria.

In 1755, after the death of Count Friesen, who was a nephew of Marshal Saxe and an officer in the French army, Grimm secured a sinecure worth 2000 livres a year as secretaire des commandements to the Louis Philippe, duc d ' Orléans, a lover of theatre ; in this capacity he accompanied Marshal d ' Estrées on the Westphalia campaign of 1756 – 57.

The work of re-organization over, Marshal Turenne began the campaign in June 1644 by crossing the Rhine at Breisach, but almost instantly an army under the duc d ' Enghien ( afterwards the great Condé ) joined him.

Her brother, Nicholas Joseph Clary, was created 1st Count Clary and married Anne Jeanne Rouyer, by whom he had Zénaïde Françoise Clary ( Paris, 25 November 1812 – Paris, 27 April 1884 ), wife of Napoléon Berthier de Wagram, 2nd duc de Wagram ( 10 September 1810 – 10 February 1887 ), son of Marshal Berthier, and had issue.