Mehmed I Çelebi ( Ottoman: چلبی محمد, Mehmed I or Mehmed Çelebi ) ( 1390, Bursa – May 26, 1421, Edirne, Ottoman Empire ) was a Sultan of the Ottoman Empire ( Rûm ) from 1413 to 1421.

Ottoman ambassador Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi Efendi in Paris in 1721 ( engraving )

Although Mehmed Çelebi was confirmed as sultan by Timur, his brothers refused to recognize his authority.

The Interregnum lasted until 5 July 1413, when Mehmed Çelebi emerged as victor in the strife, crowned himself sultan Mehmed I, and restored the empire.

The second son, İsa Çelebi, established himself as an independent ruler at Bursa and Mehmed formed a kingdom at Amasya.

Meanwhile the other surviving son of Bayezid, Musa Çelebi, who was captured at the battle of Ankara, was released by Timur into the custody of Yakub of Germiyan Mûsa was freed, after Mehmed made a request for his brother's release.

After Beyazid was captured, his remaining sons, Suleiman Çelebi, İsa Çelebi, Mehmed Çelebi, and Musa Çelebi fought each other in what became known as the Ottoman Interregnum.

When Mehmed Çelebi stood as victor in 1413 he crowned himself in Edirne ( Adrianople ) as Mehmed I.

In 1659 the traveler Evliya Çelebi was sent to the island with the task of collecting game for the Sultan Mehmed IV.

* the sefâretnâme ( سفارت نامه ), a related genre specific to the journeys and experiences of an Ottoman ambassador, and which is best exemplified by the 1718 – 1720 Paris Sefâretnâmesi of Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi, ambassador to the court of Louis XV of France

* Gazi Evrenos-( d. 1417 ), an Ottoman military commander serving as general under Süleyman Pasha, Murad I, Bayezid I, Süleyman Çelebi and Mehmed I

After he had made peace with the Karaman Emirate in Anatolia in August 1444, he resigned the throne to his twelve year-old son Mehmed II.

Angry at his father, who had long since retired to a contemplative life in southwestern Anatolia, Mehmed II wrote, " If you are the Sultan, come and lead your armies.

Again his brother, Mehmed I, who ended the Ottoman Interregnum, also held his post with a fief from Tamerlane ; he took the title Sovereign of the House of Osman, Khan of Khans, Grand Sultan of Anatolia and Rumelia, and of the Cities of Adrianople and Philipopolis.

His full style was Sultan Mehmed II Khan, Fatih Ghazi ' Abu ' l Fath ( Victorious Conqueror, Father of Conquest ), Padishah, Sovereign of the House of Osman, Emperor of Rome, Grand Sultan of Anatolia and Rumelia, Khan of Khans of the Two Lands and the Two Seas, Emperor of the three Cities of Constantinople, Edirne and Bursa.

During the stalemate in Anatolia, which lasted from 1405-1410, Mehmed sent Musa across the Black Sea to Thrace with a small force to attack Suleyman's territories in south-eastern Europe.

Musa then was confronted for sole control of the Ottoman throne by his younger brother Mehmed, who had freed himself of Mongol vassalage and held Ottoman Anatolia.

The next important event during the history of Marmaris was almost two thousand years later, in the mid-fifteenth century, when the Ottoman Empire began to rise after the efforts of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, who succeeded in conquering and uniting under one banner the various tribes and kingdoms of Anatolia and the Balkans, together with Constantinople.

Köprülü Mehmed Pasha then directed his attention to internal rebellions in Anatolia and started on a military campaign in Anatolia.

After his conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II turned to Anatolia to unite the Anatolian beyliks / principalities under his rule.

The final blow for the Karamanids was struck by Mehmed II who conquered their lands and re-assured a homogeneous rule in Anatolia.

He was brought up in Amasya, and ascended the throne on the death of his father Mehmed I.

At the death of Mehmed the Conqueror, on May 3, 1481, Bayezid was the governor of Sivas, Tokat and Amasya, and Cem ruled the provinces of Karaman and Konya.

While Mehmed II was away laying siege to Belgrade in 1456, the Ottoman governor of Amasya attacked Trebizond, and although defeated, took many prisoners and extracted a heavy tribute.

He was the son of Hadji Mehmed Piri, and began engaging in government-supported privateering ( a common practice in the Mediterranean Sea among both the Muslim and Christian states of the 15th and 16th centuries ) when he was young, in 1481, following his uncle Kemal Reis, a well-known corsair and seafarer of the time, who later became a famous admiral of the Ottoman Navy.

He went into exile in Malta ; Mehmed later lived on the Italian Riviera.

Perhaps the most famous Janissaries were George Kastrioti Skanderbeg, son of a despot in northern Albania who later defected and led a 20 &# 8209 ; year Albanian revolt against the Ottomans, and Sokollu Mehmed Paşa, a Serbian peasant from Bosnia who later became a grand vizier, served three sultans, and was de facto ruler of the Ottoman Empire for more than 14 years.

There is an apocryphal story to the effect that the Sheikh ul-Islam acted in response to Ibrahim's decision to drown all 280 members of his harem, but there is other evidence to suggest that at least two of Ibrahim's concubines survived him ( particularly Turhan Hatice, who was responsible for the death three years later of Kösem, then serving as regent for Ibrahim's son by Hatice, Mehmed IV ).

Isa was later killed in a bath by agents of Mehmed.

From the capital of Bucharest the Russians fanned out through the principality only later being challenged by Grand Vizier Mehmed Emin Pasha at Kartal on Aug 1 1770.

In 1458 he ratified his brother's treaty with the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II in Adrianople, and later the same year he conveyed his niece Theodora to her husband, Uzun Hassan of the Ak Koyunlu.

That child becomes a Muslim and, taking a Turkish name ( Mehmed, later Mehmed pasha Sokolović ), is promoted quickly and around the age of 60 becomes Grand Vizier.

Sedefkar Mehmed Agha would later copy the concept of fluted piers in his Sultan Ahmed Mosque in an attempt to lighten their appearance.

Clearly, Sinan must have appreciated this form, since he repeated it later in mosques such as the Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque at Kadırga and the Atik Valide Mosque at Üsküdar.

As a result of the series of setbacks Ottomans faced in Rumelia during the later years of the reign of Mehmed IV, with the Grand Vizier being Sarı Süleyman Pasha, the forces at the island are reported to have mutinied in 1867 with parts of the rest of the army.

Radu converted to Islam, entered the service of Sultan Murad II's son, Mehmed II ( later known as the Conqueror ), and was allowed into the Topkapı Palace.

The death of his successor, Lala Mehmed Pasha, three days later, was looked on as a sign from heaven, and Sinan became grand vizier for the fifth time.

The second siege started on April 15, 1825 by Reşid Mehmed Pasha whose army numbered 30, 000 men and was later reinforced by another 10, 000 men led by Ibrahim Pasha, son of Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt.

According to the Turkish historian Silahdar Findikli Mehmed Aga, its leader Karposh initially was a vojvod of haiduks near Dospat, in present-day Bulgaria, but later the Turks named him chief of Christian auxiliary forces in the area between Sofia, Veles, Dojran, Kjustendil and Nevrokop.

Seven centuries later, during the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, the tomb was said to have been re-discovered by Ak Şemsettin, the spiritual mentor of Mehmed II.

He also reveals that he is part of an organization formed by Sultan Mehmed II from the elite of the Janissaries to fight the Order of the Dragon, an evil consortium later associated with Dracula.

According to the Turkish historian Silahdar Findikli Mehmed Aga, its leader Karposh initially was voivode of haiduks in the vicinity of Dospat, in present-day Bulgaria, but later the Turks named him chief of Christian auxiliary forces in the area between Sofia, Veles, Dojran, Kjustendil and Nevrokop.