* May – Alexander wins a major victory against the Persians commanded by the Greek mercenary Memnon of Rhodes, in the Battle of the Granicus near the Sea of Marmara.

* At Halicarnassus, Alexander successfully undertakes the first of many sieges, eventually forcing his opponents, the mercenary captain Memnon of Rhodes and the Persian satrap of Caria, Orontobates, to withdraw by sea.

* Memnon of Rhodes, Greek mercenary leader ( b. 380 BC )

* Macedonian troops, commanded by Parmenion, trusted lieutenant of Philip II, arrive in Asia Minor, but are driven back by Persian forces under the command of the Greek mercenary Memnon of Rhodes.

* Memnon of Rhodes ( 380 – 333 BC ), commander of the Greek mercenaries working for the Persian King Darius III

* Memnon ( novel ) by Scott Oden, based on Memnon of Rhodes

Following Alexander's victory at Issus, the Persian mercenary commander Memnon of Rhodes ordered a counter-attack into Asia Minor in an attempt to sever Alexander's lines of supply and communication ; however, Antigonus defeated the Persian forces in three separate battles.

After the Macedonians soundly defeated the Persian satraps of Asia Minor ( led by the Greek mercenary, Memnon of Rhodes ) at the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal command of his army.

The Persian fleet under Memnon of Rhodes and Pharnabazus was apparently a considerable danger for Antipater, bringing war in the Aegean sea and threatening war in Europe.

Memnon of Rhodes, the Greek mercenary who aligned himself with the Persians, advocated a scorched Earth strategy.

Orontobates and Memnon of Rhodes entrenched themselves in Halicarnassus.

Fought in Northwestern Asia Minor, near the site of Troy, it was here that Alexander defeated the forces of the Persian satraps of Asia Minor, including a large force of Greek mercenaries led by Memnon of Rhodes.

The Greek mercenaries, under the command of Memnon of Rhodes, who fought for the Persians, were abandoned after the cavalry retreat.

Memnon of Rhodes and satrap Arsamenes held the left wing each with his own cavalry ; Arsites was stationed next with the horsemen from Paphlagonia ; then came Spithrobates satrap of Ionia at the head of the Hyrcanian cavalry.

Memnon of Rhodes ( 380 – 333 BC ) was the commander of the Greek mercenaries working for the Persian king Darius III when Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded Persia in 334 BC.

Memnon was the brother of Mentor of Rhodes, brother-in-law of Artabazus of Phrygia, and husband and uncle of Barsine, Artabazus ' daughter and Alexander the Great's mistress.

Memnon of Rhodes is the subject of a work of historical fiction, Memnon by Scott Oden ( ISBN 1-932815-39-2 US hc ; ISBN 0-553-81895-3 UK pb ), in which the character of Memnon is also the son of Timocrates of Rhodes.

* Memnon, ( 2006 ), a historical novel based on the life of Memnon of Rhodes by Scott Oden.

490 – 480 BCE, the so-called " Memnon Pietà " found at Capua ( Musée du Louvre | Louvre ).

* Bill Scott – Jack Spigot ( 1821 ), Memnon ( 1825 ), The Colonel ( 1828 ), Rowton ( 1829 ), Don John ( 1838 ), Charles the Twelfth ( 1839 ), Launcelot ( 1840 ), Satirist ( 1841 ), Sir Tatton Sykes ( 1846 )

* Artaxerxes II of Persia ( 436 BC – 358 BC ), Artaxerxes II Memnon, r. 404 – 358 BC, son and successor of Darius II

Leaving aside the escalation of scale – whereby each successive New Kingdom pharaoh strove to outdo his predecessors in volume and scope – the Ramesseum is largely cast in the same mould as Ramesses III's Medinet Habu or the ruined temple of Amenhotep III that stood behind the " Colossi of Memnon " a kilometre or so away.

An exceptionally large " eight ", the Leontophoros, is recorded by Memnon of Heraclea to have been built by Lysimachus ( r. 306 – 281 BC ).

* William Chifney – Anticipation ( 1816 ), Belville ( 1818 ), Marcellus ( 1823 ), Memnon ( 1827 ), Zinganee ( 1829 )

Luckily for the regent, Memnon died during the siege of Mytilene on the isle of Lesbos and the remaining fleet dispersed in 333 BC, after Alexander's victory at the Battle of Issus.

In 333, the admiral Memnon of Rhodes again attacked the island of Lesbos: he seized all the cities except for Mytilene and installed a new pair of tyrants at Eresos, Eurysilaus and Agonippus.

The political history of the following four years are poorly attested: we know that Lesbos changed hands several times between the Macedonian forces of Alexander the Great and the Persian forces of Memnon of Rhodes, that Memnon captured Methymna in 333 BCE, and that when Alexander's admiral Hegelochus recaptured Methymna in 332 BCE its tyrant was Aristonicus not Kleommis.

After the death of the Persian admiral, Memnon, in 333 BC, Autophradates and Pharnabazus undertook the command of the fleet, and reduced Mytilene, the siege of which had been begun by Memnon.

Room 4-Colossal bust of Ramesses II, the ' Younger Memnon ' ( 1250 BC )

* Colossal bust of Ramesses II, the " Younger Memnon " ( 1250 BC )

More dangerous enemies were nearer home ; tribes in Thrace rebelled in 332 BC, led by Memnon of Thrace, the Macedonian governor of the region, followed shortly by the revolt of Agis III, king of Sparta.

Two French engineers, Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois and Édouard de Villiers du Terrage, were assigned to study the Ramesseum site, and it was with much fanfare that they identified it with the " Tomb of Ozymandias " or " Palace of Memnon " of which Diodorus of Sicily had written in the 1st century BC.

Having been dismissed by Timotheus ( 362 BC ) he joined the revolted satraps Memnon and Mentor in Asia, but soon lost their confidence, and was obliged to seek the protection of the Athenians.

File: BM, AES Egyptian Sulpture ~ Colossal bust of Ramesses II, the ' Younger Memnon ' ( 1250 BC ) ( Room 4 ). jpg | The Younger Memnon c. 1250 BC, British Museum

In 358 BC, Mentor, along with his brother Memnon, were hired to provide military leadership by a rebel Persian satrap, Artabazus.

It seems probable that it must be placed considerably before 240 BC, as Memnon tells us that he was a child at his father's death, and he had a daughter of marriageable age in 222 BC.

She was the Mother of several notable offspring, including the Winds, Zephyrus, Boreas, and Notus, and the Morning Star, Eosphoros, all of whom she bore to the Titan Astraeus (" of the Stars "), and Memnon, her son by Tithonus.

Memnon fought among the Trojans in the Trojan War and was slain.

Memnon, who was killed by Achilles, seems to have a received a similar fate.

Zeus weighed the fate of the two heroes ; the weight containing that of Memnon sank, and he was slain by Achilles.

Artashata was the son of Arsames, son of Ostanes, one of Artaxerxes's brothers, and Sisygambis, daughter of Artaxerxes II Memnon.

As the metropolitan of Ephesus, Memnon was already present with his 52 bishops.

The dithyramb, a genre of lyrics traditionally sung to Dionysus, was later developed into narratives illustrating heroic myths ; Simonides is the earliest poet known to have composed in this enlarged form ( the geographer Strabo mentioned a dithyramb, Memnon, in which Simonides located the hero's tomb in Syria, indicating that he didn't compose only on legends of Dionysius.

Memnon was called " King of the East " by Hesiod, but he was killed on the plain of Troy by Achilles.

When his father Nestor was attacked by Memnon, Antilochus sacrificed himself to save him.

Emathion was king of Aethiopia, the son of Tithonus and Eos, and brother of Memnon.

Eurypylus was noted both for being one of the most handsome men ever ( next to Memnon ) and for fighting valiantly.

Memnon, realizing the city was lost, set fire to it and withdrew with his army.

This distinguishes it from statues that were carved and moved like the Colossi of Memnon, which was moved in ancient times.

The Walters Art Museum. Gérôme's reputation was greatly enhanced at the Salon of 1857 by a collection of works of a more popular kind: the Duel: after the Masked Ball ( Musée Condé, Chantilly ), Egyptian Recruits crossing the Desert, Memnon and Sesostris and Camels Watering, the drawing of which was criticized by Edmond About.

Thanks to Belzoni's hydraulics and his skill as an engineer ( Napoleon's men had failed in the same endeavour a decade or so earlier ), the 7-ton stone head arrived in London in 1818, where it was dubbed " The Younger Memnon " and, some years later, given pride of place in the British Museum.

Memnon was a hero of the Trojan War, a King of Ethiopia who led his armies from Africa into Asia Minor to help defend the beleaguered city but was ultimately slain by Achilles.

The name Memnon means " Ruler of the Dawn ", and was probably applied to the colossi because of the reported cry at dawn of one of the statues ( see below ).

The legend of the " Vocal Memnon ", the luck that hearing it was reputed to bring, and the reputation of the statue's oracular powers, travelled the length of the known world, and a constant stream of visitors, including several Roman Emperors, came to marvel at the statues.

This suggests he was also familiar with the Greek Epic Cycle ( where the Ethiopian Memnon is slain by Achilles during the Trojan War ) and the history of Argos ( in Aeschylus ' Suppliants ).