" A Review of the " Open " and " Closed " Circulatory Systems: New Terminology for Complex Invertebrate Circulatory Systems in Light of Current Findings ".

* Primaries: Open and Closed

* Open and Closed Word Classes

Following this game, he had a meteoric rise, winning the 1957 U. S. Open on tiebreaks, winning the 1957 – 58 U. S. ( Closed ) Championship ( and all seven later championships he played in ), qualifying for the Candidates Tournament and becoming in 1958 the world's youngest grandmaster at age 15.

* Chana Bloch and Chana Kronfeld, translation of Open Closed Open by Yehuda Amichai

* Open and Closed Systems in Social Science

Lines with 3. g3 are known as the Closed Sicilian ; 3. Nf3 usually transposes to the Open Sicilian ; and 3. f4 transposes to the Grand Prix Attack ( see 2. f4 below ).

Andrew Soltis has dubbed that the " Chameleon System ", since White maintains the option of playing a Closed Sicilian with 4. g3 or transposing to a standard Open Sicilian with 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4.

* 2. Ne2 is the Keres Variation, a favourite of Paul Keres, and has similar ideas to the Chameleon System discussed under 2. Nc3 – White can follow up with 3. d4 with an Open Sicilian, 3. g3 with a Closed Sicilian, or 3. Nbc3, continuing to defer the choice between the two.

Open for Business, Closed for People: Mike Harris's Ontario.

The successful mystery film adheres to one of two story types, known as Open and Closed.

The Open mystery, in contrast, reveals the identity of the perpetrator at the top of the story, showcasing the " perfect crime " which the audience then watches the protagonist unravel, usually at the very end of the story, akin to the unveiling scenes in the Closed style.

The Three types of Control System ( a ) Open Loop ( b ) Feed-forward ( c ) Feedback ( Closed Loop ) Based on Hopgood ( 2002 )

His 1968 Ph. D. dissertation was entitled Beyond the Reach of Majorities: Closed Questions in the Open Society.

Gay-themed discussions are now a staple at conventions such as WisCon ; for example, WisCon 30 featured a panel discussing " Why Women Write About Gay Men ", and the 38th World Science Fiction Convention in Boston had a discussion panel entitled " The Closed Open Mind — Homophobia in Science Fiction and Fantasy Stories ".

His opening repertoire was wide with both colors, and featured both Open and Closed games, which made him a challenge to prepare for.

* Open Closed Open: Poems.

Two prominent scholastic events which precede these tournaments in inception are the United States Junior Open championship ( open to all players under the age of 21 ), and the United States Junior Invitational ( Closed ) championship ( open to the top nine rated players under age 20 plus the previous year's U. S. Junior Open champion ).

Closed Change and Open Change are basic dance steps in the waltz, performed in closed position.

Changes also may be Right and Left, making four types of changes in total: Right Closed, Left Closed, Right Open and Left Open.

Free and open source software libraries have been created to support such features in a portable way, and are most notably found in the repositories of the Common-Lisp. net and Common Lisp Open Code Collection projects.

" Stallman states that while the term " Free Software " can lead to two different interpretations, one of them is consistent with FSF definition of Free Software so there is at least some chance that it could be understood properly, unlike the term " Open Source ".

Some free software advocates use the term Free and Open Source Software ( FOSS ) as an inclusive compromise, drawing on both philosophies to bring both free software advocates and open source software advocates together to work on projects with more cohesion.

* Johan Soderberg, Hacking Capitalism: The Free and Open Source Software Movement, Routledge, 2007, ISBN 0-415-95543-2

Despite the fundamental philosophical differences between the free software movement and the open source movement, the official definitions of free software by the Free Software Foundation and of open source software by the Open Source Initiative basically refer to the same software licences, with a few minor exceptions.

* Why “ Open Source ” misses the point of Free Software, by Richard Stallman

According to Eric S. Raymond, the Open source and Free Software hacker subculture developed in the 1960s among ‘ academic hackers ’ working on early minicomputers in computer science environments in the United States.

People primarily known for their contributions to the consciousness of the programmer subculture of hackers include Richard Stallman, the founder of the free software movement and the GNU project, president of the Free Software Foundation and author of the famous Emacs text editor as well as the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ), and Eric S. Raymond, one of the founders of the Open Source Initiative and writer of the famous text The Cathedral and the Bazaar and many other essays, maintainer of the Jargon File ( which was previously maintained by Guy L. Steele, Jr .).

These groups include the ' Brethren ' ( often both ' Open ' and ' Exclusive '), the Churches of Christ, Mennonites, Primitive Baptists, and certain Reformed churches, although during the last century or so, several of these, such as the Free Church of Scotland have abandoned this stance.

He then moved to the Open Source Development Labs, which has since merged with the Free Standards Group to become the Linux Foundation, under whose auspices he continues to work.

When the term OpenContent was first used by Wiley, it described works licensed under the Open Content License ( a non-free share-alike license, see ' Free content ' below ) and perhaps other works licensed under similar terms.

The OpenContent website once defined OpenContent as ' freely available for modification, use and redistribution under a license similar to those used by the Open Source / Free Software community '.

For similar reasons, the Free Software Foundation describes the Open Content License as a non-free documentation license and the Copyfree Initiative has rejected it for certification as a copyfree license.

* Free Open access book: Paolo Valore ( ed ), Topics on General and Formal Ontology.

Open source criteria focuses on the availability of the source code and the ability to modify and share it, while Free software focus on the users freedom to use the program, to modify it, and to share it.

* Free / Open Source Software: Localization

Despite the fundamental philosophical differences between the free software movement and the open source movement, the official definitions of free software by the Free Software Foundation and of open source software by the Open Source Initiative basically refer to the same software licenses, with a few minor exceptions.

Although born from the same history of Unix, Internet free software, and the hacker culture as the free software movement launched by Richard Stallman and his Free Software Foundation, the Open Source Initiative was formed and chose the term open source, in Michael Tiemann's words, to " dump the moralizing and confrontational attitude that had been associated with ' free software ' in the past and sell the idea strictly on the same pragmatic, business-case grounds that had motivated Netscape.

The group adopted the Open Source Definition for open-source software, based on the Debian Free Software Guidelines.

* Red Hat contributions to Free and Open Source software

* Free engineering Statics courseware with about 300 interactive exercises with hints and feedback: Carnegie Mellon Open Learning Initiative

" While source code was available and modification permitted, the Squeak License contained an indemnity clause that prevented it from qualifying as true Free and Open Source Software.

First, in May, Apple used its own Apple Public Source License, which satisfies the Free Software Foundation's concept of a Free Software License and has attained official approval from the Open Source Initiative as an Open Source License.