* Optio centurionis: ' chosen man of the centurion '; same as optio centuriae.

* Optio ad carcerem: chosen man on prison duty ( incarceration ).

* Optio draconarius: ' chosen man among the dragon bearers ', a late Roman senior standard bearer.

* Draconarius ( Draco, ' dragon )-one of them could be selected Optio Draconarius ; ... Bearcus Draconarius ...

* Optio ad spem ordinis: optio being groomed for promotion to the rank of centurion.

* Optio candidatus: optio being groomed for promotion to the rank of centurion.

* Optio principalis: optio who held supervisory rank ( principales from the 2nd century onwards ); not all who had the title of optio held this status.

* Optio spei: optio being groomed for promotion to the rank of centurion.

Now the cohorts were six to ten permanent units, composed of five to eight centuries each led by a centurion assisted by an Optio, a soldier who could read and write.

* Optio carceris: soldier in charge of the prison cells.

* Optio custodiarum: soldier in charge of guard posts.

* Optio fabricae: soldier in charge of a workshop.

* Optio navaliorum: soldier in charge of boats.

* Optio praetorii: soldier attached to headquarters.

Optio pay was double the standard legionary pay and they were the most likely men to be promoted after the retirement, promotion or death of a centurion.

* Optio: One for each centurion ( 59 – 60 ), they were appointed by the centurion from within the ranks to act as his second in command and were paid twice the basic wage.

* Optio equitum: optio in the legionary or Praetorian cavalry ( equus = horse ).

Each of its five centuriae was a double centuria of 160 men ( rather than 80 ).

Centurions of these first-cohort double centuriae were called primi ordinis, (" first file "), except for the leader of the first centuria of the first cohort, who was referred to as primus pilus ( first file ).

In the Roman Republic, there were three types of divisions into which the people were organized: the curiae, which were based on clans or gentes ; the centuriae, which were military ; and tribus, local " tribes " that were voting blocs.

His chief works, however, were his Foliorum silvula ( 1852 ), a collection of English extracts for translation into Greek and Latin verse ; Folia silvulae ( translations of the same ); and Foliorum centuriae, a companion volume of extracts for Latin prose translation.

The main function of an optio was as an optio centuriae, the second-in-command of a century, although there were many other positions an optio could hold.

The Comitia Centuriata, the main legislative body, was divided into 193 voting centuriae ( centuries ).

During the Roman kingdom and the 1st century of the Republic, legionary cavalry was recruited exclusively from the ranks of the patricians, who were expected to provide 6 centuriae of cavalry ( 300 horses for each consular legion ).

Around 400 BC, 12 more centuriae of cavalry were established and these included non-patricians ( plebeians ).

Usually risen from the ranks, they commanded the legion's tactical sub-units of centuriae ( c. 80 men ) and cohorts ( c. 480 men ).

The assumptions upon which the example shown in Figure 3 is based are: ( A ) One man can direct about six subordinates if the subordinates are chosen carefully so that they do not need too much personal coaching, indoctrinating, etc..

Meanwhile, after 24 years in the Senate, Rhode Island's durable Democrat Theodore Francis Greene -- having walked, swum and cerebrated himself to the hearty age of 93 -- left that august body ( voluntarily, because he could surely have been re-elected had he chosen to run again last November ), as the oldest man ever to serve in the Senate.

Shortly afterwards Trajan was chosen by Nerva to be his successor, adopted with public fanfare in absentia by the old man shortly before his death.

The man chosen was a Sabah, Sabah I bin Jaber.

Pope John VIII: John, of English extraction, was born at Mentz ( Mainz ) and is said to have arrived at Popedom by evil art ; for disguising herself like a man, whereas she was a woman, she went when young with her paramour, a learned man, to Athens, and made such progress in learning under the professors there that, coming to Rome, she met with few that could equal, much less go beyond her, even in the knowledge of the scriptures ; and by her learned and ingenious readings and disputations, she acquired so great respect and authority that upon the death of Pope Leo IV ( as Martin says ) by common consent she was chosen Pope in his room.

: The way in which they secure the passing round of the watchword for the night is as follows: from the tenth maniple of each class of infantry and cavalry, the maniple which is encamped at the lower end of the street, a man is chosen who is relieved from guard duty, and he attends every day at sunset at the tent of the tribune, and receiving from him the watchword — that is a wooden tablet with the word inscribed on it – takes his leave, and on returning to his quarters passes on the watchword and tablet before witnesses to the commander of the next maniple, who in turn passes it to the one next him.

) is caused by fallen angels, whereas moral evil ( evil caused by the will of human beings ) is as a result of man having become estranged from God and choosing to deviate from his chosen path.

In the decree of election, those who had chosen him as Bishop of Rome proclaimed Gregory VII " a devout man, a man mighty in human and divine knowledge, a distinguished lover of equity and justice, a man firm in adversity and temperate in prosperity, a man, according to the saying of the Apostle, of good behavior, blameless, modest, sober, chaste, given to hospitality, and one that ruleth well his own house ; a man from his childhood generously brought up in the bosom of this Mother Church, and for the merit of his life already raised to the archidiaconal dignity ".

Thoreau wrote, " My civil neighbor, the tax-gatherer, is the very man I have to deal with -- for it is, after all, with men and not with parchment that I quarrel -- and he has voluntarily chosen to be an agent of the government.

The Public Council, composed of forty-eight councillors chosen by the people, four members of the clergy and four doctors of the university, met under the presidency of the chief magistrate of the city, the viquier ( Occitan ) or vicar or representative of the papal Legate or Vice-legate, who annually nominated a man for the post.

Ogden was a good choice for the first president, but his railroad experience was most likely not the primary reason he was chosen ; Ogden was a clever man who had many political connections.

The film, written by Joss Whedon, depicts Buffy as a shallow high school cheerleader who is informed by a man named Merrick ( Donald Sutherland ) that she has been chosen by fate to battle the undead.

Saul was chosen to lead the Israelites against their enemies, but when faced with Goliath he refuses to do so ; Goliath is a giant, and Saul is a very tall man.

Joseph LyonsAlthough the new party was basically the Nationalist Party under a new name, Lyons was chosen as leader of the party ( and thus became Leader of the Opposition ) rather than the old Nationalist leader John Latham, as it was recognised that ( as an affable family man with the common touch ) he was a far more electorally appealing figure than the aloof Latham, and his Labor background and his Catholicism would allow him to win traditional Labor support groups ( working-class voters and Irish Catholics ) over to the new party.

A Steward was chosen by the King " as a man of high trust and wisdom, usually advanced in years since he was not permitted to go to war or to leave the realm ".

And no matter what difficulties or obstacles there are, they are never strong enough to deflect such a man from his chosen path.

* A Year of Grace: Passages chosen & arranged to express a mood about God and man ( 1950 )

The 2005 film Guess Who starring Ashton Kutcher and Bernie Mac is a loose remake styled as a comedy rather than a drama, with the racial roles reversed ; black parents are caught off-guard when their daughter brings home the young white man she has chosen to marry.

So that the said Aaron Lopez nor any other of said religion is not liable to be chosen into any office in this colony nor allowed to give vote as a free man in choosing others .” Lopez persisted by applying for citizenship in Massachusetts, where it was granted.

Intelligent, and possessing a strong and austere character, Theodora defied her father by refusing to marry the man he had chosen to succeed him, Romanos Argyros, on the pretext that, firstly, Romanos was already married – his wife having become a monastic to allow Romanos to marry into the imperial family.