* Project Orion, a 1980 NASA astrometry study of a system of methods of detecting extrasolar planets using astronomical interferometry

A requirement for the Project Orion nuclear propulsion system, the design ( and testing ) of nuclear shaped charges is still unknown.

NSWRs share many of the features of Orion propulsion systems, except that NSWRs would generate continuous rather than pulsed thrust and may be workable on much smaller scales than the smallest feasible Orion designs ( which are generally large, due to the requirements of the shock-absorber system and the minimum size of efficient nuclear explosives ).

The email appeared to suggest that Griffin believed the only reasonable solution was to extend the operation of the shuttle beyond 2010, but noted that Executive Policy ( i. e., the White House ) is firm that there will be no extension of the shuttle retirement date, and thus no U. S. capability to launch crews into orbit until the Ares I / Orion system becomes operational in 2014 at the very earliest.

With a galactic latitude of 4 degrees and galactic longitude 71 degrees, this system lies inward along the same Orion Spur in which the Sun is located within the Milky Way, near where the spur approaches the Sagittarius Arm.

An example of such a system is the Trapezium in the heart of the Orion nebula.

Both Orion type thermonuclear pulse drive starships, and Daedalus type thermonuclear pulse drive starships could be built and launched towards nearby stars within a 10 light-year radius of the solar system later in the 21st century, if there is sufficient funding and political will to do this.

Orion Beta is a star system noted for its madranite mining belts.

An unmanned craft could tolerate very large accelerations, perhaps 100 g. A human-crewed Orion, however, must use some sort of damping system behind the pusher plate to smooth the instantaneous acceleration to a level that humans can comfortably withstand – typically about 2 to 4 g.

* Crew Exploration Vehicle, NASA's proposed human spaceflight system, now known as Orion

The Earth Departure Stage ( EDS ) was the main propulsion system that would have sent the Ares V Orion / Altair upper stage from low Earth orbit to the Moon.

NASA began developing the Ares I low Earth orbit launch vehicle ( analogous to Apollo's Saturn IB ), returning to a development philosophy used for the original Saturn I, test-launching one stage at a time, which George Mueller abandoned in favor of " all-up " testing for the Saturn V. As of May 2010, the program got as far as launching the first Ares I-X first-stage flight on October 28, 2009 and testing the Orion launch abort system.

30 seconds later both the launch abort system and the fairings covering the Orion crew and service modules would also be jettisoned.

Orion would not face the dangers of either an O-ring failure ( due to the presence of a launch escape system ) or shedding foam ( as the spacecraft would be launched in a stack configuration ).

In May 2010, Defense Minister Nilda Garre announced that the Navy would continue working on a system that would enable the launch of Exocet missiles from the Navy ’ s P3 Orion aircraft.

The Dohgon are prime example of this situation, whom created societies of culture that deals with the star system called Sirius, Orion and so on.

The scheme was changed because OC Transpo ordered 140 Orion 06. 501, and also because buses purchased in 2000 would have been in the 0000 series, which was not favoured by the computer system.

This was in support of the design and construction of a similar system on the new Orion spacecraft, which resembles the Skylab Rescue configuration.

* Project Orion ( nuclear propulsion ) nuclear pulse drive system.

Several RT-type buses at the Unitrans garageAn Orion V ( Unitrans 4350 ) waiting for passengers at the Silo in 1996Unitrans is the name for the transit system which operates in Davis, California.

* Helios ( propulsion system ), nuclear pulse propulsion system for spacecraft invented by Freeman Dyson, a precursor to his Project Orion

The Orion crew module life support system is being designed by Lockheed Martin in Houston, Texas.

This technique is the most widespread method of computing amplitudes in quantum field theory today.

In quantum computing, a quantum bit or qubit is a quantum system that can exist in superposition of two bit values, " true " and " false ".

These newer concerns are among the many factors causing researchers to investigate new methods of computing such as the quantum computer, as well as to expand the usage of parallelism and other methods that extend the usefulness of the classical von Neumann model.

See the discussion on the relationship between key lengths and quantum computing attacks at the bottom of this page for more information.

The two best known quantum computing attacks are based on Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm.

According to Professor Gilles Brassard, an expert in quantum computing: " The time needed to factor an RSA integer is the same order as the time needed to use that same integer as modulus for a single RSA encryption.

Mainstream symmetric ciphers ( such as AES or Twofish ) and collision resistant hash functions ( such as SHA ) are widely conjectured to offer greater security against known quantum computing attacks.

* A discussion on how much time we have available before we must take steps to protect against quantum computing attacks

He believes that topological quantum computing is about to revolutionize computer science, and hopes that his teaching will help his students to understand its principles.

Since its inception it has broadened to find applications in many other areas, including statistical inference, natural language processing, cryptography, neurobiology, the evolution and function of molecular codes, model selection in ecology, thermal physics, quantum computing, plagiarism detection and other forms of data analysis.

Many areas of mathematics and computer science have been brought to bear on the problem, including elliptic curves, algebraic number theory, and quantum computing.

It was stated by Wootters, Zurek, and Dieks in 1982, and has profound implications in quantum computing and related fields.

Error correction is vital for practical quantum computing, and for some time this was thought to be a fatal limitation.

In 1995, Shor and Steane revived the prospects of quantum computing by independently devising the first quantum error correcting codes, which circumvent the no-cloning theorem.

While this is extremely easy to implement on sufficiently simple theories, there are many situations where other methods of quantization yield more efficient procedures for computing quantum amplitudes.

The field of quantum computing was first introduced by Richard Feynman in 1982.

Although quantum computing is still in its infancy, experiments have been carried out in which quantum computational operations were executed on a very small number of qubits ( quantum bits ).

Both practical and theoretical research continues, and many national government and military funding agencies support quantum computing research to develop quantum computers for both civilian and national security purposes, such as cryptanalysis.

A system at absolute zero still possesses quantum mechanical zero-point energy, the energy of its ground state.

Goldstone's theorem in quantum field theory states that in a system with broken continuous symmetry, there may exist excitations with arbitrarily low energy, called the Goldstone bosons.

In particular, quantum phase transitions refer to transitions where the temperature is set to zero, and the phases of the system refer to distinct ground states of the Hamiltonian.

Due to the smallness of Planck's constant it is practically impossible to realize experiments that directly reveal the wave nature of any system bigger than a few atoms but, in general, quantum mechanics considers all matter as possessing both particle and wave behaviors.

The problem of thinking in terms of classical measurements of a quantum system becomes particularly acute in the field of quantum cosmology, where the quantum system is the universe.

According to the understanding of quantum mechanics known as the Copenhagen interpretation, measurement causes an instantaneous collapse of the wave function describing the quantum system into an eigenstate of the observable state that was measured.

According to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, the quantum state of the system collapses into state I.

The quantum state determines the probable outcomes of any measurement performed on the system.

Wavefunction collapse can be viewed as an epiphenomenon of quantum decoherence, which in turn is nothing more than an effect of the underlying local time evolution of the wavefunction of a system and all of its environment.

From the quantum phenomena it appears to follow with certainty that a finite system of finite energy can be completely described by a finite set of numbers ( quantum numbers ).

Alternatively, the path integral formulation of quantum field theory represents the transition amplitude as a weighted sum of all possible histories of the system from the initial to the final state, in terms of either particles or fields.

The transition amplitude is then given as the matrix element of the S-matrix between the initial and the final states of the quantum system.

The probability amplitude for a transition of a quantum system from the initial state to the final state is given by the matrix element

This is a direct effect of quantum mechanics: specifically, the zero point energy of the system is too high to allow freezing.