* Paleoanthropology, the study of human origin

Paleoanthropology ( English: Palaeoanthropology ; from Greek: παλαιός ( palaeos ) " old, ancient "), anthrōpos ( ἄνθρωπος ), " man ", understood to mean humanity, and-logia (- λογία ), " discourse " or " study "), which combines the disciplines of paleontology and physical anthropology, is the study of ancient humans as found in fossil hominid evidence such as petrifacted bones and footprints.

Almost as time-consuming has been the preparation and publication of the 2nd edition of Paleoanthropology ( 1999, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-071676-5 ), Wolpoff's detailed 878 page presentation of the fossil record for human evolution and the many levels of explanation for the pattern it reflects.

In November 1993 Chinese paleontologists Zhou Zhonge, Hu Yoaming and Hou Lianhai, of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology at Beijing, were presented a bird fossil bought at a flea market in Sihetun by amateur paleontologist Zhang He.

Size comparison between Dilong and a human. The type specimen is IVPP 14243 ( Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing ), a nearly complete, semi-articulated, skull and skeleton.

The Laboratory was the precursor of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology ( IVPP ) of the Chinese Academy of Science, which took its modern form after 1949.

A museum was built at the site by the Oromia Culture and Tourism Commission with financial assistance from the European Community, consisting of four buildings of exhibits — one on Prehistoric Africa, another on Geology and Volcanology, a third on Paleoanthropology, the fourth on the Prehistory of Melka Kunture — and the " Open Air Museum ", which displays the excavation of two Acheulean sites that have been dated to 0. 8 Million years Before Present.

He is the author of Paleoanthropology, 1980 and 1999 editions with McGraw-Hill, New York.

Xu Xing of the Chinese Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology ( IVPP ) in Beijing, along with Peter Makovicky, formerly of the American Museum of Natural History ( AMNH ) in New York City and others, published a cladistic analysis in the 2002 description of Liaoceratops.

* Paleoanthropology and paleontology of primates.

* 1980 Paleoanthropology.

* 1994 Paleoanthropology.

* 1999 Paleoanthropology.

* Paleoanthropology in the 1990s-Essays by James Q. Jacobs.

), Paleontology and Geology of Laetoli: Human Evolution in Context: Geology, Geochronology, Paleoecology and Paleoenvironment, Vertebrate Paelobiology and Paleoanthropology.

After the forgery was revealed by Xu Xing of Beijing's Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Storrs L. Olson, curator of birds in the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution, published a description of the tail in an obscure journal, giving it the name Archaeoraptor liaoningensis in an attempt to remove the name from the paleornithological record by assigning it to the part least likely to be a bird.

The first of these specimens was discovered in 2001, and between 2001 and 2003 four more specimens were bought from private collectors by Xu's museum, the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology.

Sinornithosaurus was discovered by Xu Xing, Wang Xiaolin and Wu Xiaochun of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing.

The holotype specimen is IVPP V12811, in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, China.

The slab and counterslab of the holotype specimen of H. lingyuanensis were given to different groups of researchers in Beijing, one from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and the other from the Beijing Natural History Museum.

The relative scarcity of fossil evidence prevents precise dating, but the most recent molecular study, based on multilocus sequence typing, suggest a Late Carboniferous – Early Permian origin of extant amphibians.

Paleobotanists study ancient plants in the fossil record.

A study of 29 fossil sites in Catalan Pyrenees of Europe in 2010 supports that dinosaurs there had great diversity until the proposed asteroid impact.

A 40-year study of African, Asian, and South American tropical forests by the University of Leeds, shows tropical forests absorb about 18 % of all carbon dioxide added by fossil fuels.

The fossil record was one of the early sources of data relevant to the study of evolution and continues to be relevant to the history of life on Earth.

Fossil collecting ( some times, in a non-scientific sense, fossil hunting ) is the collection of fossils for scientific study, hobby, or profit.

Among the many ways of classifying plants are by regional floras, which, depending on the purpose of study, can also include fossil flora, remnants of plant life from a previous era.

As knowledge has increased, paleontology has developed specialized sub-divisions, some of which focus on different types of fossil organisms while others study ecology and environmental history, such as ancient climates.

Cuvier asked von Moll to study the fossil but was informed it could not be found.

He brings to the study of the human and non-human primate fossil record a background that combines evolutionary theory, population genetics, and biomechanics.

Simon Lewis, a climate expert at the University of Leeds, who led the study, said: " Tropical forest trees are absorbing about 18 % of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere each year from burning fossil fuels, substantially buffering the rate of change.

Recreation includes canoeing and boating, fishing, hunting, picnicking, camping, nature study, swimming, biking, jogging, crafts and fossil and artifact hunting.

A recent study of his demonstrated that methane is in fact spontaneously formed at high pressure and high temperature environments such as those deep in the Earth's mantle ; this finding is an exciting indication of abiogenic hydrocarbon formation, meaning that the actual amount of hydrocarbons available on earth might be much larger than conventionally assumed under the assumption that all hydrocarbons are fossil fuels.

The term taphonomy ( from the Greek taphos-τάφος meaning burial, and nomos-νόμος meaning law ) was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Russian scientist Ivan Efremov to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms, from the biosphere, to the lithosphere, i. e. the creation of fossil assemblages.

According to the famous DNA hybridization study into avian phylogenetic relationships by Sibley and Ahlquist, the split of the Procellariiformes into the four families occurred around 30 million years ago ; a fossil bone often attributed to the order, described as the genus Tytthostonyx, has been found in rocks dating around the Cretaceous – Paleogene boundary ( 70-60 mya ), but the remains are too incomplete for placement within the Procellariiformes to be certain.

These are traditionally classified with the Osteoglossiformes, and many authorities still do, but fossil study of the extinct Yanbiania suggest that the hiodontids separated from other osteoglossiforms early, and thus belong to a separate order.

He studied, described and listed hundreds of species of fossil fish, beginning the serious study into the lives of extinct animals.

Subsequent study demonstrated the fossil vertebrate material was well preserved, with little evidence of bacterial degradation of bone protein.

His attempts to learn more about fossil identification and interpretation were frustrated by a lack of available literature in English, and so he took the decision to improve matters by writing his own introduction to the study of fossils.

His attempts to reconstruct the structure and life of Iguanodon began the scientific study of dinosaurs: in 1822 he was responsible for the discovery ( and the eventual identification ) of the first fossil teeth, and later much of the skeleton, of Iguanodon.

These features make Archaeopteryx a clear candidate for a transitional fossil between dinosaurs and birds, making it important in the study both of dinosaurs and of the origin of birds.