They are the minimal left-right model, SU ( 5 ), flipped SU ( 5 ) and the Pati-Salam model.

Most GUT models also predict proton decay, although not the Pati-Salam model ; current experiments still haven't detected proton decay.

Since then there have been several proposals for Grand Unified Theories, e. g. the Pati-Salam model, although none is currently universally accepted.

This left-right symmetry idea first appeared in the Mohapatra-Pati models and Pati-Salam model, and later in trinification.

The suggestions of Pati and Salam ( The Pati-Salam model ) of the symmetry of SU ( 4 )– color, left – right symmetry, and of the associated existence of right-handed neutrinos, now provide some of the crucial ingredients for understanding the observed masses of the neutrinos and their oscillations.

Another important subgroup is either × SU ( 2 )< sub > L </ sub > × SU ( 2 )< sub > R </ sub >/ Z < sub > 2 </ sub > or Z < sub > 2 </ sub > ⋊ × SU ( 2 )< sub > L </ sub > × SU ( 2 )< sub > R </ sub >/ Z < sub > 2 </ sub > depending upon whether or not the left-right symmetry is broken, yielding the Pati-Salam model, whose branching rule is

When this Higgs field acquires a GUT scale VEV, we have a symmetry breaking to Z < sub > 2 </ sub > ⋊ × SU ( 2 )< sub > L </ sub > × SU ( 2 )< sub > R </ sub >/ Z < sub > 2 </ sub >, i. e. the Pati-Salam model with a Z < sub > 2 </ sub > left-right symmetry.

Pati-Salam is a mainstream theory and a viable alternative to the Georgi – Glashow SU ( 5 ) unification.

It corresponds to an automorphism of the ( unextended ) Pati-Salam group which is the composition of an involutive outer automorphism of SU ( 4 ) which isn't an inner automorphism with interchanging the left and right copies of SU ( 2 ).

As mentioned above, both the Pati-Salam and Georgi – Glashow SU ( 5 ) unification models can be embedded in a SO ( 10 ) unification.

Structured programming, canonical structures: Per the Church-Turing thesis any algorithm can be computed by a model known to be Turing complete, and per Minsky's demonstrations Turing completeness requires only four instruction types — conditional GOTO, unconditional GOTO, assignment, HALT.

Rutherford interpreted the gold foil experiment as suggesting that the positive charge of a heavy gold atom and most of its mass was concentrated in a nucleus at the center of the atom — the Rutherford model.

The film, which also starred cabaret singer Astrid Hadad and model / actress Claudia Ramírez — with whom Cuarón was linked between 1989 and 1993 — was a big hit in Mexico.

There, next door to Peabody's book store on West Street, Bronson Alcott hosted a series based on the " Conversations " model by Margaret Fuller called " A Course on the Conversations on Man — his History, Resources, and Expectations ".

On a more abstract level, model theoretic arguments hold that a given set of symbols in a theory can be mapped onto any number of sets of real-world objects — each set being a " model " of the theory — providing the interrelationships between the objects are the same.

The pop science TV program MythBusters attempted to model Archimedes ' feat by using mirrors to ignite a small wooden boat covered with tar, with only partial success — they found it too difficult to focus light from their hand-held mirrors onto a point small enough to ignite the boat.

The core ideas of the Big Bang — the expansion, the early hot state, the formation of helium, and the formation of galaxies — are derived from many observations that are independent from any cosmological model ; these include the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and the Hubble diagram for Type Ia supernovae.

A technique called bootstrapping the simulation model is used, which bootstraps initial data points using a pseudorandom number generator to schedule an initial set of pending events, which schedule additional events, and with time, the distribution of event times approaches its steady state — the bootstrapping behavior is overwhelmed by steady-state behavior.

This so-called Einstein model is, however, unstable to small perturbations — it will eventually start expanding or contracting.

Printing plates were created with four or more colors — traditionally, the CMYK color model: cyan, magenta, yellow and " K " for black.

The Nexus series — genetically designed by the Tyrell Corporation — are virtually identical to an adult human, but have superior strength, agility, and variable intelligence depending on the model.

* JDOM — a Java-based document object model for XML that integrates with DOM and SAX and uses parsers to build the document.

* SXML — a model for representing XML and HTML in the form of S-expressions.

In 1517, he supported the foundation at the University, by his friend Jeroen Van Busleyden, of the Collegium Trilingue for the study of Hebrew, Latin, and Greek — after the model of the College of the Three Languages at the University of Alcalá.

" & " He who gazed diligently in his mind on the great Moses, and after the model of the Hebrew women he taught the Aramaean women to give praise with their madrashe " — James of Sarugh

A clay model of a horse which was to be used as part of the design was completed by Leonardo in 1492 — but the statue was never built.

In 1994 he compared model results to observed temperatures and found that the predicted temperatures for 1950 – 1980 deviated from the temperatures that had actually occurred, from which he concluded in his regular column in The Washington Times — with the headline that day " Climate Claims Wither under the Luminous Lights of Science "— that climate models are faulty.

Also, most model builders simply assume supersymmetry because it solves the hierarchy problem — i. e., it stabilizes the electroweak Higgs mass against radiative corrections.

* minimal left-right model — SU ( 3 )< sub > C </ sub > × SU ( 2 )< sub > L </ sub > × SU ( 2 )< sub > R </ sub > × U ( 1 )< sub > B-L </ sub >

Here, the unification of matter is even more complete, since the irreducible spinor representation 16 contains both the and 10 of SU ( 5 ) and a right-handed neutrino, and thus the complete particle content of one generation of the extended standard model with neutrino masses.

Since different standard model fermions are grouped together in larger representations, GUTs specifically predict relations among the fermion masses, such as between the electron and the down quark, the muon and the strange quark, and the tau lepton and the bottom quark for SU ( 5 ) and SO ( 10 ).

* Georgi – Glashow model — SU ( 5 )

He formulated the quark model of hadronic resonances, and identified the SU ( 3 ) flavor symmetry of the light quarks, extending isospin to include strangeness, which he also discovered.

In this model the standard model gauge groups SU ( 3 )&# 215 ; SU ( 2 )&# 215 ; U ( 1 ) are combined into a single simple gauge group -- SU ( 5 ).

The unified group SU ( 5 ) is then thought to be spontaneously broken to the standard model subgroup at some high energy scale called the grand unification scale.

The standard model quarks and leptons fit neatly into representations of SU ( 5 ).

It can be embedded within an SO ( 10 ) unification model ( as can SU ( 5 )).

The Pati – Salam model states that the gauge group is either SU ( 4 ) × SU ( 2 )< sub > L </ sub >× SU ( 2 )< sub > R </ sub > or ( SU ( 4 ) × SU ( 2 )< sub > L </ sub >× SU ( 2 )< sub > R </ sub > ) / Z < sub > 2 </ sub > and the fermions form three families, each consisting of the representations ( 4, 2, 1 ) and.

Where the Roman model ( like most modern Japanese ) has 4 plus 1 bead per decimal place, the standard suanpan has 5 plus 2, allowing use with a hexadecimal numeral system.

Using the Debye model, the specific heat and entropy of a pure crystal are proportional to T < sup > 3 </ sup >, while the enthalpy and chemical potential are proportional to T < sup > 4 </ sup >.

The best measurements available ( from WMAP ) show that the data is well-fit by a Lambda-CDM model in which dark matter is assumed to be cold ( warm dark matter is ruled out by early reionization ), and is estimated to make up about 23 % of the matter / energy of the universe, while baryonic matter makes up about 4. 6 %.

Model numbers prior to 11 / 11000 were built under the Travel Air name, while Curtiss-Wright built the CW-12, 14, 15 and 16 as well as previous successful Travel Air models ( mostly the model 4 ).

From October 4, 1975 to his death, he was married to sometime actress and model Dani Crayne Greco.

It was extended to 33 MHz, 5. 4 MIPS for the DragonBall VZ ( MC68VZ328 ) model, and 66 MHz, 10. 8 MIPS for the DragonBall Super VZ ( MC68SZ328 ).

Islamic gardens were built after the model of Persian gardens and they were usually enclosed by walls and divided in 4 by watercourses.

* Within the region where radiative effects are important the description given by the idealized greenhouse model becomes realistic: The surface of the Earth, warmed to a temperature around 255 K, radiates long-wavelength, infrared heat in the range 4 – 100 μm.

Ball-and-stick model of the methane molecule, CH < sub > 4 </ sub >.

Amongst Windows 2000's most significant new features was Active Directory, a near-complete replacement of the NT 4. 0 Windows Server domain model, which built on industry-standard technologies like DNS, LDAP, and Kerberos to connect machines to one another.

** model 4: 80 × 43 or 80x24 ( switchable )

Just like the 80386, the 32-bit address bus of the 80486 enabled up to 4 gigabytes of memory to be directly addressed using a flat memory model with 32-bit linear addresses in protected mode.

The upgraded Rubicon model of the JK Wrangler is equipped with electronically activated locking differentials, Dana 44 axles front and rear with 4. 10 gears, a 4: 1 transfer case, electronic sway bar disconnect and heavy duty suspension.

In one study, citizens willing to impose the death penalty were presented in 2 experiments with 4 sets of instructions ( i. e., baseline instructions, instructions used at trial, instructions revised according to Eighth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution holdings, and model instructions written in nontechnical language ).

Nial uses a generalized and expressive Array Theory in its Version 4, but sacrificed some of the generality of functional model, and modified the Array Theory in the Version 6.

In 1909, the Opel 4 / 8 hp model, known as the " Doctor's Car " was produced.

Warp 3 brought about a fully 32-bit Windowing system, while Warp 4 introduced the object-oriented 32-bit GRADD display driver model.

* Engine displacement: 4. 5 L / 4. 7 L ( S model )

** 4. 5 " L " model dropped from production at end of 1982 model year.

The Non-S 928 ( 4. 5 L ) model dropped.

A ball-and-stick model of the inorganic phosphate molecule ( HPO < sub > 4 </ sub >< sup > 2 −</ sup >).