* 1874 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor and developed Marconi's law, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics ( d. 1937 )

Nearly simultaneously David Hilbert published " The Foundations of Physics ", an axiomatic derivation of the field equations ( see Einstein – Hilbert action ).

Bell, On the Einstein – Poldolsky – Rosen paradox, Physics 1 195-200 ( 1964 ).

* 1940 – In a ceremony held in Berkeley, California, because of the war, physicist Ernest Lawrence receives the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics from Sweden's Consul General in San Francisco.

* Lancaster University, Ultra Low Temperature Physics – includes a summary of some low temperature techniques

Glauber could not attend the 2005 awards – he was traveling to Stockholm to claim a genuine Nobel Prize in Physics.

His citation reads: " Theoretical physicist John Bardeen ( 1908 – 1991 ) shared the Nobel Prize in Physics twice -- in 1956, as co-inventor of the transistor and in 1972, for the explanation of superconductivity.

* 1934 – Marie Curie, French-Polish physicist and chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Nobel Prize in Physics ( b. 1867 )

* 1891 – Walther Bothe, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate ( d. 1957 )

In 1964 Charles H. Townes, Nikolay Basov, and Aleksandr Prokhorov shared the Nobel Prize in Physics, “ for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser – laser principle ”.

* Manne Siegbahn ( 1886 – 1978 ), Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.

* Physics of Flight – reviewed.

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM ( 12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919 ) was an English physicist who, with William Ramsay, discovered argon, an achievement for which he earned the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904.

IBCAST 2005, Volume 3, Control and Simulation, Edited by Hussain SI, Munir A, Kiyani J, Samar R, Khan MA, National Center for Physics, Bhurban, KP, Pakistan, 2006, pp 27 – 33 Free Full Text

* Duff, Michael J. M-Theory ( the Theory Formerly Known as Strings ), International Journal of Modern Physics A, 11 ( 1996 ) 5623 – 5642, online at Cornell University's arXiv ePrint server.

* MMIXX – An X11-based graphics package contributed by Andrew Pochinsky of MIT ’ s Center for Theoretical Physics which, when combined with the MMIXware sources above, augments the < tt > MMIX </ tt > virtual machine with a 640 × 480 pixel, true-color ‘ virtual display ’ ( for UNIX / Linux ).

* V. Buzek and M. Hillery, Quantum cloning, Physics World 14 ( 11 ) ( 2001 ), pp. 25 – 29.

File: Portrait of Antoine-Henri Becquerel. jpg | Henri Becquerel ( 1852 – 1908 ): discovered radioactivity along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, for which all three won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.

‪ File: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. jpg ‬| Hendrik Lorentz ( 1853 – 1928 ): clarified electromagnetic theory of light, shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect, developed concept of local time, derived the transformation equations subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time .‬‬‬

File: Albert Einstein ( Nobel ). png | Albert Einstein ( 1879-1955 ): revolutionized physics due to his theories of special and general relativity, described Brownian motion, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect, formulated mass – energy equivalence formula E = mc < sup > 2 </ sup >, published more than 300 scientific papers and over 150 non-scientific works, considered the " Father of Modern Physics "

File: Pauli. jpg | Wolfgang Pauli ( 1900-1958 ): pioneers of quantum physics, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945 ( nominated by Albert Einstein ), formulated the Pauli exclusion principle involving spin theory ( underpinning the structure of matter and the whole of chemistry ), published the Pauli – Villars regularization, formulated the Pauli equation, coined the phrase ' not even wrong '

File: Bardeen. jpg | John Bardeen ( 1908 – 1991 ): awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor and again in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory.

* Physics Stack Exchange on Persistence of Vision – Physics discussion of persistence of vision.

* Robert B. Todd, 1976, Alexander of Aphrodisias on Stoic Physics: A Study of the " De Mixtione " with Preliminary Essays, Text, Translation and Commentary.

According to Fundamentals of Physics ( 4 ed., Wiley, 1993 ), by David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, on page 30, Chapter Two, " Motion along a Straight Line ", Joe Sprinz, at the time in question, a member of the San Francisco Ball Club, and formerly of the Indians, attempted to beat the World Record for catching a baseball dropped from a great height, set by members of the 1938 Cleveland Indians, who had done so at 700 feet, with balls dropped from a building.

In 1972, John Bardeen shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Leon N Cooper of Brown University and John Robert Schrieffer of the University of Pennsylvania for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory.

He is the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at Caltech, a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California.

He is currently the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at Caltech as well as a University Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California.

Eleven Nobel prizes have been awarded to Unitarians: Robert Millikan and John Bardeen ( twice ) in Physics ; Emily Green Balch, Albert Schweitzer, Linus Pauling, and Geoff Levermore for Peace ; George Wald and David H. Hubel in Medicine ; Linus Pauling in Chemistry, and Herbert A. Simon in Economics.

* Physics – David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson

* Physics – Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel Chee Tsui

* Physics – John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, John Robert Schrieffer

* Physics – Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson

* Physics – Robert Andrews Millikan

* Laughlin, Robert ( 2005 ), A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down.

The discovery was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1961 together with Robert Hofstadter's research of electron scattering in atomic nuclei.

* 1965 — Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, astronomers at Bell Labs discover the 2. 7 K microwave background radiation, which earns them the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics.

After the laboratory was scooped on a number of fundamental discoveries that they felt they ought to have made, the " cyclotroneers " began to collaborate more closely with the theoretical physicists in the Berkeley Department of Physics, led by Robert Oppenheimer.

Consequently, Alpher and Herman's prediction in support of the big bang was not substantiated until 1964, when Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson made the accidental discovery, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978.

Robert Hofstadter coined the term fermi ( unit ), symbol fm, in honor of the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi ( 1901 – 1954 ), one of the founders of nuclear physics, in Hofstadter's 1956 paper published in the Reviews of Modern Physics journal, " Electron Scattering and Nuclear Structure ".

* Flint, Peter B., " Obituary: Dr. Robert Hofstadter Dies at 75 ; Won Nobel Prize in Physics in ' 61 ", The New York Times, November 19, 1990.

* Robert Hofstadter Memorial Lectures, annually presented at the Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Physics and as of March 2011 listed under individual years ' calendars in the Department's official pages at the Stanford University website