Polarizing sunglasses use a polarizing material such as Polaroid sheets to block horizontally-polarized light, preferentially blocking reflections from horizontal surfaces.

Since Polaroid sheet is dichroic, it will absorb impinging light of one plane of polarisation, so sunglasses will reduce the partially polarised light reflected from level surfaces such as windows and sheets of water, for example.

Polarized sunglasses first became available in 1936, when Edwin H. Land began experimenting with making lenses with his patented Polaroid filter.

They are often made of materials such as Polaroid and are used for sunglasses and photography.

The durability and practicality of Polaroid makes it the most common type of polarizer in use, for example for sunglasses, photographic filters, and liquid crystal displays.

Polaroid brought a patent-infringement lawsuit against Kodak, and eventually Kodak was forced to stop manufacture of both the camera and film.

Each manufacturer makes a film holder for its system's envelopes ; the Polaroid 545 / 545i instant film holders also take both systems ' films.

* 1947 – In New York City, Edwin Land demonstrates the first " instant camera ", the Polaroid Land Camera, to a meeting of the Optical Society of America.

* 1948 – Edwin H. Land introduces the first Polaroid instant image camera.

In New York City, he invented the first inexpensive filters capable of polarizing light, Polaroid film.

Polaroid originally manufactured sixty units of this first camera.

Although he led the Polaroid Corporation as a chief executive, Land was a scientist first and foremost, and as such made sure that he performed " an experiment each day ".

The first commercially available model was the Polaroid Land Camera Model 95,

Herapathite's dichroic properties came to the attention of Sir David Brewster, and were later used by Land in 1929 to construct the first type of Polaroid sheet polarizer.

During his first appearance in 1996, Bugs said he had taken a dozen Polaroid photos of the creatures he would be willing to send to Bell.

Mapplethorpe took his first photographs soon thereafter using a Polaroid camera.

His second son Maxfield Parrish, Jr. is known for his important contribution to the development of the first self-developing camera at Dr. Edwin H. Land's Polaroid Corporation.

Due to the popularity of color photography and complexity of processing color film ( see C-41 process ) and printing color photographs and also to the rise, first of Polaroid technology and later digital photography, darkrooms are decreasing in popularity, though are still commonplace on college campuses, schools and in the studios of many professional photographers.

Instant film is a type of photographic film first introduced by Polaroid that is designed to be used in an instant camera ( and, with accessory hardware, with many professional film cameras ).

They were first used to show a 3-D movie to the general public at " Polaroid on Parade ", a New York Museum of Science and Industry exhibit that opened in December 1936.

In 1947, Polaroid introduced its first consumer camera.

In 1979, he experimented with Polavision, a format marketed by Polaroid, making about five 2 minute films.

Polaroid Corporation marketed this relatively inexpensive, novel sonar technology as a set of components to hobbyists in order for them to incorporate distance sensing into other systems.

They can even be rather grand, like Edward Land's monument to the astonishing success of Polaroid.

The use of a Polaroid camera was standard but has since been replaced by the advent of digital cameras.

* 1909 – Edwin H. Land, American scientist and inventor, co-founder of the Polaroid Corporation ( d. 1991 )

* 2001 – The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.

Instant color film, used in a special camera which yielded a unique finished color print only a minute or two after the exposure, was introduced by Polaroid in 1963.

Ian Pickering is a lyricist / songwriter currently writing and recording with the band Polaroid Kiss with Brandun Reed whose debut album ' Weakness of the Beautiful Souls ' is due for release in 2011.

* March 1 – Edwin H. Land, inventor of the Polaroid instant camera ( b. 1909 )

* January 9 – After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business.

An instant 8mm film released in 1977 by Polaroid, Polavision uses the same perforations as Super 8mm film.

In some materials, such as herapathite ( iodoquinine sulfate ) or Polaroid sheets, the effect is not strongly dependent on wavelength, and so the term dichroic is something of a misnomer, but still used.

* 2008 – Polaroid announces it is discontinuing the production of all instant film products, citing the rise of digital imaging technology.

Kevin Delevan receives a Sun 660 Polaroid camera for his fifteenth birthday.

Polaroid Corporation produced a number of instant film folding cameras, including the famous SX-70, which was also a single lens reflex camera.

They usually use sheet film, in sizes from 6x9cm ( 2. 4 × 3. 6 ") to 20 × 24 inches ( e. g., the Polaroid 20 × 24 camera ), but the most popular " standard " sizes are 4 × 5 and 8 × 10 inches.

* Naomi Iizuka's Polaroid Stories also bases its format on Metamorphoses, adapting Ovid's poem to modern times with drug-addicted, teenage versions of many of the characters from the original play.

* Sun protection may include sunblock, sunglasses, lip balm and a wide-brimmed hat.

Because the macula is yellow in colour it absorbs excess blue and ultraviolet light that enter the eye, and acts as a natural sunblock ( analogous to sunglasses ) for this area of the retina.

" His portrayal of the gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One has become an iconic image, used both as a symbol of rebelliousness and a fashion accessory that includes a Perfecto style motorcycle jacket, a tilted cap, jeans and sunglasses.

Kinchaku are used by both men and women to carry cellphones, sunglasses, wallets and tissue.

The council consists of film clips of actors portraying advisors in the areas of the military ( a brawny man, often drunk, angry or both ; he becomes a stereotypical American general when Modern Age is reached ), economics ( a smooth-talking merchant, later a snooty and suave businessman ), diplomacy ( in the Modern Age, a saucy femme fatale with a vaguely Eastern European accent ), technological progress ( a nerdy scientist ), and the people's happiness ( an Elvis Presley caricature, wearing sunglasses even in the Ancient period ).

In Good Cop, Bad Cop, however, both hosts dress in police hats and sometimes sunglasses.

Suppose one gets two pairs of identical polarized sunglasses ( unpolarized sunglasses won't work here ), and puts the left lens of one pair atop the right lens of the other, both aligned identically.

ToeJam wears a large gold medallion and a backwards baseball cap, while Earl is marked by high-tops and oversized sunglasses ; both outfits are " over-the-top appropriations " of 1990s urban culture.

alt = An African American male in his sixties wearing a cap and jacket, both with a logo of an overlapping " N " and two overlapping " Y " s, and sunglasses, stands on a baseball field.

For legal reasons, the image of " Ironman " Ivan Stewart has been altered in the two Super Off Road games ; he now has sunglasses and a moustache and both games are now known as simply " Super Off Road " ( the original arcade versions were known fully as " Ironman Ivan Stewart's Super Off Road ").

The character was well received for both his personality and two trademark items of clothing, his yellow sunglasses and red duster trench coat.

In order play into the mafia aspect of the stable, both were renamed to Rocco and Sal respectively, both began wearing sunglasses at all times and Sassi dyed his normally blond hair to black and began sporting a beard.

Persol sunglasses have also been used in other movies, Bill Murray can be seen wearing them in both Lost in Translation and Broken Flowers.