Dom Duarte Pio (, Duarte Pio João Miguel Gabriel Rafael de Bragança ); born 15 May 1945 ), is the 24th Duke of Braganza, 6th Prince Royal of Portugal and the pretender to the throne of Portugal.

* In English: His Royal Highness the very August and Most Serene Prince Dom Duarte Pio João Miguel Gabriel Rafael de Bragança, by succession of his August Father, His Royal Highness the Prince Dom Duarte Nuno and his cousin, of Glorious Memory, the King the Lord Dom Manuel II, the Unfortunate, and by virtue of the present interregnum, Prince Royal of Portugal, 25th Duke of Braganza, 22nd Duke of Guimarães, 24th Marquis of Vila Viçosa, 29th Count of Ourém, 26th Count of Arraiolos, 26th Count of Neiva, 26th Count of Faria and 22nd Count of Guimarães.

In the lyrics, the opening line's mention of the Ipiranga river refers to the stream near ( and now part of ) the city of São Paulo where Prince Dom Pedro, the future Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil, declared Brazilian independence from Portugal.

A colony of the Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil became the seat of the Portuguese colonial Empire in 1808, when the Portuguese Prince regent, later King Dom João VI, fled from Napoleon I's invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro.

He returned to Portugal in April 1821, leaving behind his son and heir, Prince Dom Pedro, to rule Brazil as his regent.

On 18 September 1822, eleven days after proclaiming Brazil's independence Royal Prince Dom Pedro signed a decree instituting these arms stating "... henceforth the arms of this Empire of Brazil will be, on a green field, a gold armillary sphere superimposed on a cross of the Order of Christ, the sphere encircled by 19 silver stars on a blue circle ; and an imperial crown with diamonds set atop the shield, the sides of which will be embraced by two plants of coffee and tobacco, as emblems of its Empire's riches, in their proper colors and tied at the bottom with the national bow-knot.

Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, (; Dom Luís Filipe Maria Carlos Amélio Francisco Víctor Manuel António Lourenço Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Xavier Francisco de Assis Bento de Orleães Bragança e Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha ; 21 March 1887 – 1 February 1908 ) was the eldest son of King Carlos I of Portugal.

He was born in 1887 while his father was still Prince Royal of Portugal, and received the usual style of the heirs to the heir of the Portuguese crown: he was then at birth 4th Prince of Beira, with the subsidiary title of 14th Duke of Barcelos, private to the heir of the Dukedom of Braganza ; and after his grandfather king Dom Luís I died, he became Prince Royal of Portugal, with the subsidiary titles of 21st Duke of Braganza, 20th Marquis of Vila Viçosa, 28th count of Barcelos, 25th count of Ourém, 23rd count of Arraiolos, 22nd count of Neiva ; he was later created Knight Commander of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa, Knight of the Order of the Garter, and Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Dom Luís was born in Lisbon, the elder son of Carlos, Prince Royal of Portugal, ( later King Carlos I of Portugal ) and the Princess Amélie d ' Orléans.

Dom Luís Filipe was granted when born the titles of Prince of Beira and Duke of Barcelos, traditionally held by the heir apparent of the Prince Royal of Portugal ( Príncipe Real ).

Two years later, Dom Luís Filipe inherited all his father's royal princely titles when Charles became king, being himself restyled Prince Royal, and inheriting at the same time the Dukedom of Braganza ( 21st Duke ), the biggest private fortune in Portugal at that time, who was at the disposal of the heir to the Portuguese crown.

He in 1761 further granted Maria's eldest son, Infante Dom José Francisco ( 1761 – 88 ) the title Prince of Beira.

Queen Maria II and his regent, the future John VI, granted the Beira in turn to John's heirs-apparent, and the second of them, Infante Dom Pedro Francisco survived to become in 1816 the Prince of Brazil, the last Portuguese heir-apparent to held that ( as he himself later made Brazil independent ).

* Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza, Petrópolis pretender to Brazil since 2007.

The name was given in 1927 and refers to the fact that a detachment of dragoons escorted the Prince Royal of Portugal, Pedro I, at the time when he declared Brazilian independence from Portugal, on September 7, 1822.

Prince Pedro of Bragança ( King D. João's older son ) stayed in South America acting as regent of the local kingdom, but, two years later in 1822, he proclaimed himself D. Pedro I, first Emperor of Brazil.

* 1913 – Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, pretender to the Brazilian throne ( d. 2007 )

July 25, 1415 marked the beginning of the Portuguese Empire, when the Portuguese Armada departed to the rich trade Islamic centre of Ceuta in North Africa with King John I and his wife Phillipa of Lancaster and their sons Prince Duarte ( future king ), Prince Pedro, Prince Henry the Navigator ( born in Porto in 1394 ) and Prince Afonso, and legendary Portuguese hero Nuno Álvares Pereira.

Prince Pedro granted Henry the Navigator the monopoly of navigation, war and trade in the lands south of Cape Bojador.

After Henry of Trastamara successfully seized the throne of Castile, Pedro I fled to the court of the Black Prince in Aquitaine, who began to plot his restoration by sending an army across the Pyrenees.

In July 1366 Charles himself came to Bordeaux to consult with Pedro I and the Prince and agreed to keep the mountain passes of Navarre open for the passage of the army, for which he would be rewarded with the Castilian provinces of Guipúzcoa and Álava as well as additional fortresses and a large cash payment.

The Black Prince, affected by a dysentery, soon withdrew his support from Pedro.

In Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing, Benedick spots the sharp-tongued Beatrice approaching and exclaims to the Prince, Don Pedro, that he would do an assortment of arduous tasks for him " rather than hold three words conference with this harpy!

The ensuing battle was one of the Black Prince ’ s greatest victories, but King Peter ( Spanish: Pedro ) was later killed, and there was no money to pay the troops.

Edward, the Black Prince fought in the Battle of Nájera in 1367, intervening in a Castilian Civil War on behalf of Pedro of Castile.

During the same year in Lisbon, Maria II's throne was usurped by Prince Miguel, Pedro I's younger brother.

The heir of João VI, Prince Pedro, remained in Brazil.

Prince Pedro, influenced by the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Senate ( Senado da Câmara ) refused to return to Portugal in the famous Dia do Fico ( January 9, 1822 ).

The imperial flag of Brazil was designed by Jean-Baptiste Debret as the Royal Standard of the Prince Royal of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, Pedro I.

Her eldest son, Duarte, authored moral works and became king in 1433 ; Pedro, who travelled widely and had an interest in history, became regent when Duarte died of the plague in 1438 ; Fernando – Ferdinand the Saint Prince – who became a crusader, participated in the attack on Tangiers in 1437 ; and Henrique – Prince Henry the Navigator – became the master of the Order of Christ and the instigator and organiser of the early voyages of discovery.

* Albert III, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst ( d. 1359 )

Nevertheless, when Prince Vladimir II Yaroslavich of Halych, who had been expelled from his country by his subjects, fled to Hungary seeking for assistance in 1188, King Béla III had him arrested and occupied his principality and he invested Andrew with Halych.

In the beginning of the next year, the child Danylo was again expelled from Halych but Andrew denied to give assistance to him because the child prince's opponent, Prince Volodymyr III Igorevych had bribed him.

In 1208, taking advantage of the quarrel between Prince Roman Igorevych and his boyars, Andrew occupied Halych and appointed a regent to govern the principality in his name, but Prince Volodymyr III Igorevych managed to reconquer his principality already in the following year.

However, Mary II died childless in 1694, after which William III did not remarry, and Princess Anne's last surviving child, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, died six years later, after which it was unlikely she would have any more children due to her age and the large number of miscarriages she had previously suffered.

On 8 August 1356, the eldest son of King Edward III of England, crowned as the Prince of Wales but now known as Edward, the Black Prince, began a great chevauchée, conducting many scorched earth raids northwards from the English base in Aquitaine, in an effort to bolster his troops in central France, as well as to raid and ravage the countryside.

Charles Louis Napoléon ( 1808 – 1873 ), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 – 1852 and emperor in 1852 – 1870, reigning as Napoléon III ; his son, Eugène Bonaparte ( 1856 – 1879 ), styled the Prince Imperial, died fighting the Zulus in Natal, South Africa.

The Battle of Muret was a massive step in the creation of the unified French kingdom and the country we know today — although Edward III, the Black Prince and Henry V would threaten later to shake these foundations.

* 1962 – Prince Rainier III of Monaco revises the principality's constitution, devolving some of his power to advisory and legislative councils.

* 1818 – Charles III, Prince of Monaco, founder of the Monte Carlo casino ( d. 1889 )

* 1704 4 August – The Governor Diego de Salinas surrendered the town to Prince George of Hesse, who took it in the name of Archduke, as Charles III, king of Castile and Aragon.

Die Proklamation des Deutschen Kaiserreiches by Anton von Werner ( 1877 ), depicting the proclamation of the foundation of the German Reich ( 18 January 1871, Palace of Versailles ). Left, on the podium ( in black ): Crown Prince Frederick ( later Frederick III, German Emperor | Frederick III ), his father Emperor William I, German Emperor | William I, and Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden | Frederick I of Baden, proposing a toast to the new emperor. Centre ( in white ): Otto von Bismarck, first Chancellor of Germany, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Prussian Chief of Staff.

Napoleon III, nephew of Napoleon I, returned from exile in the United Kingdom in 1848 to be elected to the French parliament, and then as " Prince President " in a coup d ' état elected himself Emperor, a move approved later by a large majority of the French electorate.

From that point, there were various factions pressing for his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William III of Orange, to replace him in what became known as the Glorious Revolution.

* 1879 – Napoléon, Prince Imperial French son of Napoleon III of France ( b. 1856 )

* 1376 – Edward, the Black Prince, English son of Edward III of England ( b. 1330 )

* 1957 – Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismaili worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III.

* Charles III ( 1 January 176631 January 1788 ), Charles Edward Stuart, also known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, the Young Chevalier, or the Young Pretender.

Thus Richard Blackmore's epics Prince Arthur ( 1695 ) and King Arthur ( 1697 ) feature Arthur as an allegory for the struggles of William III against James II.

At the Battle of Crécy ( 1346 ), Edward III of England sent his son, Edward, the Black Prince, to lead the charge into battle and when pressed to send reinforcements, the king replied, " say to them that they suffer him this day to win his spurs.

The current ruler, Prince Albert II, succeeded his father Prince Rainier III in 2005.