However, no Hermunduri appear in Ptolemy, though after the time of Ptolemy the Hermunduri joined with the Marcomanni in the wars of 166 – 180 against the empire.

* Ptolemy Dynasty: Affiliated Lines – Agathocles

* 1149 – Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum.

* Cleopatra Selene I ( c. 135 – 130 BC ), daughter of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII Physcon

* Cleopatra Thea ( c. 164 – 121 BC ), daughter of Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VI Philometor

move seemingly had a strictly personal political motive – that is, fear and jealousy of his cousin Ptolemy – and thus the expansion was not set about in response to pressing military or economic needs.

He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I ( 323 – 283 BC ).

* Claudius Ptolemy 83 – c. 168 AD, Roman Empire ( Roman Egypt )

These invaders appeared in Asia Minor in 278 – 277 BC ; others invaded Macedonia, killed the Ptolemaic ruler Ptolemy Ceraunus but were eventually ousted by Antigonus Gonatas, the grandson of the defeated Diadoch Antigonus the One-Eyed.

The now lost history of Alexander's campaigns by the diadoch Ptolemy I ( 367 – 283 BC ) may represent the first historical work composed by a ruler.

Furthermore, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ( 1201 – 1274 ), an astronomer and mathematician from Baghdad, authored the Treasury of Astronomy, a remarkably accurate table of planetary movements that reformed the existing planetary model of Roman astronomer Ptolemy by describing a uniform circular motion of all planets in their orbits.

* 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.

It dates to the reign of Ptolemy II ( 285 – 246 BC ), and is therefore likely to have been built at about the same time as the Alexandria Pharos.

The library was conceived and opened either during the reign of Ptolemy I Soter ( 323 – 283 BC ) or during the reign of his son Ptolemy II ( 283 – 246 BC ).

King Ptolemy II Philadelphus ( 309 – 246 BC ) is said to have set 500, 000 scrolls as an objective for the library.

The library was conceived and opened either during the reign of Ptolemy I Soter ( 323 – 283 BC ) or during the reign of his son Ptolemy II ( 283 – 246 BC ).

:: A. Ptolemy, King of Mauretania, 1 BC – 40 AD, had 1 child

Ptolemy and Aristotle theorised that light either shone from the eye to illuminate objects or that light emanated from objects themselves, whereas al-Haytham ( known by the Latin name Alhazen ) suggested that light travels to the eye in rays from different points on an object.

Besides this, Anatoli translated, between the years 1231 and 1235, the following works: ( 1 ) The Almagest of Ptolemy, from the Arabic, though probably the Greek or Latin title of this treatise was also familiar to him.

A collection of one hundred aphorisms about astrology called the Centiloquium, ascribed to Ptolemy, was widely reproduced and commented on by Arabic, Latin and Hebrew scholars, and often bound together in medieval manuscripts after the Tetrabiblos as a kind of summation.

Thurii (), called also by some Latin writers Thurium ( compare in Ptolemy ), for a time also Copia and Copiae, was a city of Magna Graecia, situated on the Tarentine gulf, within a short distance of the site of Sybaris, whose place it may be considered as having taken.

Ptolemy, about the year AD 130, includes it ( in Latin ) as Dunum in his list of towns of Ireland.

Cardinal Bessarion invited him to Rome to study Ptolemy in the original Greek and not from a faulty Latin translation.

He translated into Latin Herodotus, Demosthenes, Xenophon, Homer, Theocritus, Sophocles, Lucian, Theodoretus, Nicephorus, Ptolemy and other Greek writers.

Ancient toponyms for Samarra noted by the Samarra Archaeological Survey are Greek Souma ( Ptolemy V. 19, Zosimus III, 30 ), Latin Sumere, a fort mentioned during the retreat of the army of Julian the Apostate in 364 AD ( Ammianus Marcellinus XXV, 6, 4 ), and Syriac Sumra ( Hoffmann, Auszüge, 188 ; Michael the Syrian, III, 88 ), described as a village.

* Ptolemy II Philadelphus ordered 72 Jewish elders to translate the Torah into Greek ; the result was the Septuagint ( from the Latin for " seventy ")

The word planisphere ( Latin planisferium ) was originally used in the second century by Ptolemy to describe the representation of a spherical Earth by a map drawn in the plane.

Probably the earliest mention of them, under the name Καρπιανοί ( Carpiani in Latin ) is in the Geographia of the 2nd-century Greek geographer Ptolemy, composed c. AD 140.

* A people of Scandia mentioned by Ptolemy ( 150 AD ); in later Latin known as Gutones and Gothi.

The triquetrum ( derived from the Latin tri-(" three ") and quetrum (" cornered ")) was the medieval name for an ancient astronomical instrument first described by Ptolemy in the Almagest ( V. 12 ).

The Angrivarii were a Germanic tribe of the early Roman Empire mentioned briefly in Ptolemy as the Angriouarroi (), which transliterates into Latin Angrivari.

Tetrabiblos () ' four books ', also known in Greek as Apotelesmatiká () ' effects ', and in Latin as Quadripartitum ' four parts ', is a text on the philosophy and practice of astrology, written in the second century AD by the Alexandrian scholar Claudius Ptolemy ( AD 90 – AD 168 ).

Ptolemy, however, mentions the Lougoi Bouroi ( transliterated by the scholars into Latin Lugi Buri ) dwelling in what is today southern Poland between the Sudetes and the upper Vistula.

* Extracts of Ptolemy on the country of the Seres ( China ) ( English translation )

It can be compared with Edwyn R. Bevan's full translation in The House of Ptolemy ( 1927 ), based on the Greek text with footnote comments on variations between this and the two Egyptian texts.

The traditional story is that Ptolemy II sponsored the translation for use by the many Alexandrian Jews who were fluent in Koine Greek ( the lingua franca of the Eastern Mediterranean from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, until the development of Byzantine Greek around 600 CE ), but not in Hebrew.

The translation of the Greek passage reveals that the inscription is a royal edict recording the benefits conferred on Egypt by the pharaoh Ptolemy V Epiphanes at the time of his coronation.

Ptolemy, the Alexandrian astronomer ( 2nd century ) wrote a treatise, Phaseis —" phases of fixed stars and collection of weather-changes " is the translation of its full title — the core of which is a parapegma, a list of dates of seasonally regular weather changes, first appearances and last appearances of stars or constellations at sunrise or sunset, and solar events such as solstices, all organized according to the solar year.

The Talmud ascribes the translation effort to Ptolemy II Philadelphus ( r. 285-246 BC ) who is said to have hired 72 Jewish scholars for the purpose, for which reason the translation is commonly known as the Septuagint, a name which it gained around AD 354-430, " the time of Augustine of Hippo ".

* On the eighth of Tevet one year during the 200s BC, a time of Hellenistic rule of Judea during the Second Temple period, Ptolemy, King of Egypt, ordered the translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek, a work which later became known as the Septuagint.

* a translation of Μικρὰ Βρεττανία, a name used by the geographer Ptolemy for Ireland

( translation: Introduction to Cosmography With Certain Necessary Principles of Geometry and Astronomy To which are added The Four Voyages of Amerigo Vespucci A Representation of the Entire World, both in the Solid and Projected on the Plane, Including also lands which were Unknown to Ptolemy, and have been Recently Discovered )

He is most noted for his work, In Hoc Opere Haec Continentur Nova Translatio Primi Libri Geographicae Cl Ptolomaei, written in 1514, a translation of the work Geographia ( Ptolemy ), written by Ptolemy.

Frank Eggleston Robbins, editor of the Loeb English translation published in 1940, considered it likely that this was the title used by Ptolemy himself, although he acknowledged that many other Greek manuscripts use the title, ' The prognostics addressed to Syrus '.

* Invasion of Ptolemy III Chronicle ( BCHP 11 ) ( text and translation )

Their Hebrew scriptures they knew only in the Greek translation, which was named the Septuagint because, according to the legend, the translation had been made by the Seventy Translators under Ptolemy II.