The 18th century author Quirinus van Blankenburg suggested that the C / E short octave originated as an extension of keyboards that went down only to F ; the addition of just one key ( nominal E ) and the reassignment of the F # and G # added three new notes to the bass range.

The Archaic Triad is a theological structure ( or system ) consisting of the gods Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus.

In the cosmological schema of Martianus Capella, Fons is located in the second of 16 celestial regions, with Jupiter, Quirinus, Mars, the Military Lar, Juno, Lympha, and the Novensiles.

In Roman mythology and religion, Quirinus is an early god of the Roman state.

Quirinus is probably an adjective meaning " wielder of the spear " ( Quiris, cf.

In Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the antagonist's name is Quirinus Quirrell, named for the epithet of Janus, who is a two-faced god, similar to Quirrel, who shared his body with Lord Voldemort.

Quirinus is a debated epithet.

Other scholars, mainly German, think it is related on the contrary to the martial character of the god Quirinus, an interpretation supported by numerous ancient sources: Lydus, Cedrenus, Macrobius, Ovid, Plutarch and Paul the Daecon.

The compound Ianus Quirinus is to be found also in the rite of the spolia opima, a lex regia ascribed to Numa, which prescribed that the third rank spoils of a defeated king or chief of an enemy army, those conquered by a common soldier, be consecrated to Ianus Quirinus.

While Janus sometimes is named belliger and sometimes pacificus in accord with his general function of beginner, he is mentioned as Janus Quirinus in relation to the closing of the rites of March at the end of the month together with Pax, Salus and Concordia: This feature is a reflection of the aspect of Janus Quirinus which stresses the quirinal function of bringing peace back and the hope of soldiers for a victorious return.

Quirinus is a god that incarnates the quirites, i. e. the Romans in their civil capacity of producers and fathers.

Dumézil and Schilling remark that as a god of the third function Quirinus is peaceful and represents the ideal of the pax romana i. e. a peace resting on victory.

It is noteworthy that the temple of Janus in the Forum Holitorium had been consecrated on the day of the Portunalia and that the flamen Portunalis was in charge of oiling the arms of the statue of Quirinus.

Juno is to be found in region II, along with Quirinus Mars, Lars militaris, Fons, Lymphae and the dii Novensiles.

In the yearly cycle this passage is marked by the rites of the Salii, they themselves divided into two groups, one devoted to the cult of Mars ( Salii Palatini, created by Numa ) and the other of Quirinus ( Salii Collini, created by Tullus Hostilius ).

Although such a distinction is implied in a few Roman passages, such as when Julius Caesar scornfully calls his soldiers quirites (" citizens ") rather than milites (" soldiers "), the word quirites had by this time been dissociated with the god Quirinus, and it is likely that Quirinus initially had an even more militaristic aspect than Mars, but that over time Mars, partially through synthesis with the Greek god Ares, became more warlike, while Quirinus became more domestic in connotation.

After his death at the age of 54, Romulus was deified as the war god Quirinus and served not only as one of the three major gods of Rome but also as the deified likeness of the city of Rome.

He established the Vestal Virgins at Rome, as well as the Salii, and three flamines for Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus.

Proculus fakes a personal vision of Romulus ' spontaneous ascent to heaven as Quirinus and announces the message of Romulus-Quirinus ; a new king must be chosen at once.

Some specifically Sabine deities and cults were known at Rome: Semo Sancus and Quirinus, and at least one area of the town, the Quirinale, where the temples to those latter deities were located, had once been a Sabine centre.

Numa built the Ianus geminus ( also Janus Bifrons, Janus Quirinus or Portae Belli ), a passage ritually opened at times of war, and shut again when Roman arms rested.

The compound term Ianus Quirinus was particularly in vogue at the time of Augustus, its peaceful interpretation fitting particularly well the Augustan ideology of the Pax Romana.

The rite of the opening and closure of the Janus Quirinus would thus reflect the idea of the reintegretation of the miles into civil society, i. e. the community of the quirites, by playing a lustral role similar to the Tigillum Sororium and the porta triumphalis located at the south of the Campus Martius.

From here one descends into the " Platonica ", a construction at the rear of the basilica that was long believed to have been the temporary resting place for Peter and Paul, but was in fact ( as proved by excavation ) a tomb for the martyr Quirinus, bishop of Sescia in Pannonia, whose remains were brought here in the 5th century.

His earliest work of importance was the decoration of the choir of the church of St Quirinus at Neuss.

The Quadrigae Pisonis, a second-century monument with various reliefs, some private homes, and a relief representing the temple of Quirinus once stood at the site but were demolished to build the baths.

In later times, however, Quirinus became far less important, losing his place to the later, more widely known Capitoline Triad ( Juno and Minerva took his and Mars ' place ).

Polybius ' history renders the Roman god Mars by Greek Ares but the Roman god Quirinus by Enyalius, and the same identifications are made by later writers such as Dionysius of Halicarnassus, perhaps only because it made sense that a Roman god who was sometimes confounded with Mars and sometimes differentiated should be represented in Greek by a name that was similarly sometimes equated with Ares ( who definitely corresponded with Mars ) and was sometimes differentiated.

In Dumézil's view the figure of Quirinus became blurred and started to be connected to the military sphere because of the early assimilation to him of the divinised Romulus, the warring founder and first king of Rome.

Tombs from the 8th century BC to the 7th century BC that confirm a likely presence of a Sabine settlement area have been discovered ; on the hill, there was the tomb of Quirinus, which Lucius Papirius Cursor transformed into a temple for his triumph after the third Samnite war.

When the Romans settled there, they absorbed the cult of Quirinus into their early belief system — previous to direct Greek influence — and by the end of the first century BC Quirinus was considered to be the deified Romulus.

Just like her husband ( who became the god Quirinus ), she was deified after her death as Hora, as recounted in Ovid, Metamorphoses 14. 829 – 851:

C. Koch on the other hand sees the epithet Janus Quirinus as a reflection of the god's patronage over the two months beginning and ending the year, after their addition by king Numa in his reform of the calendar.

On this hill, the Romans built temples to several deities, from the Flora to Quirinus, after whom the hill was named.

It was Proculus Julius who was said to have informed the sorrowing Roman people, after the strange departure of Romulus from the world, that their king had descended from heaven and appeared to him, bidding him tell the people to honor him in future as a god, under the name of Quirinus.

In the same year, Publius Sulpicius Quirinus, governor of Syria, led these legions in the suppression of the revolt that sprung out after the deposition of Herod Archelaus.

Ovid in Book 14, lines 812-828, of the Metamorphoses gives a description of the deification of Romulus and his wife Hersilia, who are given the new names of Quirinus and Hora respectively.

One such investor was the Dutch entrepreneur Quirinus Indervelden who managed to create the first new polder in 1654 with Dutch money and expert workers from Brabant.

During the Middle Ages, Anthony, along with Quirinus of Neuss, Cornelius and Hubertus, was venerated as one of the Four Holy Marshals ( Vier Marschälle Gottes ) in the Rhineland.

Saint Quirinus of Neuss, who was Alexander's supposed jailer, and Quirinus ' daughter Saint Balbina were also among his converts.

He was the chief deity of the early Capitoline Triad with Mars and Quirinus.

Cornelius, along with Quirinus of Neuss, Hubertus and Anthony the Great, was venerated as one of the Four Holy Marshals in the Rhineland during the late Middle Ages.

In later forms of the myth, he ascended to heaven, and was identified with Quirinus, the divine personification of the Roman people.

In Augustan Rome, Quirinus was also an epithet of Janus, as Janus Quirinus.

Quirinus was originally most likely a Sabine god of war.

Saint Quirinus of Rome was, according to a legendary account, the son of Philip the Arab.

During the Roman Empire when Sisak was known as Siscia, Christian martyr Quirinus of Sescia was tortured and nearly killed during Diocletian's persecution of Christians.

Janus Quirinus was closely associated with the anniversaries of the dedications of the temples of Mars on June 1 ( a date that corresponded with the festival of Carna, a deity associated with Janus: see below ) and of that of Quirinus on June 29 ( which was the last day of the month in the pre-Julian calendar ).