Examples of non-volatile memory are flash memory ( sometimes used as secondary, sometimes primary computer memory ) and ROM / PROM / EPROM / EEPROM memory ( used for firmware such as boot programs ).

* Non-volatile storage types include ROM, EPROM, Hard disk drives, Flash memory and drives, Storage arrays, etc.

* Non-volatile storage types include ROM, EPROM, Hard disk drives, Flash memory and drives, Storage arrays, etc.

The boot process was revolutionized by the introduction of integrated circuit read-only memory ( ROM ), with its many variants, including mask-programmed ROMs, programmable ROM ( PROM ), erasable ROM ( EPROM ), and flash memory.

Firmware is held in non-volatile memory devices such as ROM, EPROM, or flash memory.

A significant variety of encoding formats were developed for use in computer and ROM / EPROM data transfer.

The NOR type, which allows true random access and therefore direct code execution, is used as a replacement for the older EPROM and as an alternative to certain kinds of ROM applications.

The 8049 has 2 KB of masked ROM ( the 8748 and 8749 had EPROM ) that can be replaced with a 4 KB external ROM, as well as 128 bytes of RAM and 27 I / O ports.

It has three memory card slots, which accommodate proprietary RAM, ROM or EPROM cards, the third slot being equipped with a built-in EPROM programmer.

The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time.

The code space is generally implemented as ROM, EPROM or flash ROM.

* 6 ROM / EPROM sockets, including ability to program EPROMs in place.

QDOS was implemented in Motorola 68000 assembly language, and on the QL, resided in 48 kB of ROM, consisting of either three 16 kB EPROM chips or one 32 kB and one 16 kB ROM chip.

( The EPG Jr. software's EPROM was interfaced to the Atari's ROM cartridge port.

An EPROM is an erasable ROM that can be changed more than once.

In later modules, one-time-programmable ( OTP ) EPROM memory was substituted for the original mask-programmed memory – this greatly simplified logistics given the wide variety of ROM codes required in each model year.

The SL and TL were also shipped with MS-DOS 3. 3 and DeskMate 3 in ROM, and featured an EEPROM memory chip to store BIOS settings ( which enabled similar functionality to today's CMOS NVRAMs, so that startup options could be saved ).

Many FPGA chips load their configuration from an external serial EEPROM (" configuration ROM ") on power-up.

The low-level interface to flash memory chips differs from those of other memory types such as DRAM, ROM, and EEPROM, which support bit-alterability ( both zero to one and one to zero ) and random access via externally accessible address buses.

EEPROM is user-modifiable read-only memory ( ROM ) that can be erased and reprogrammed ( written to ) repeatedly through the application of higher than normal electrical voltage generated externally or internally in the case of modern EEPROMs.

Features of the modern 8051 include built-in reset timers with brown-out detection, on-chip oscillators, self-programmable Flash ROM program memory, built-in external RAM, extra internal program storage, bootloader code in ROM, EEPROM non-volatile data storage, I²C, SPI, and USB host interfaces, CAN or LIN bus, PWM generators, analog comparators, A / D and D / A converters, RTCs, extra counters and timers, in-circuit debugging facilities, more interrupt sources, and extra power saving modes.

* Memory blocks including a selection of ROM, RAM, EEPROM and flash memory.

Modern ASICs often include entire microprocessors, memory blocks including ROM, RAM, EEPROM, Flash and other large building blocks.

The typical ROM size is between and, typical RAM size is between and, and typical EEPROM size is between and.

The ROM contains the operating system of the card and might contain applets where the EEPROM contains the so called personalisation, which consists of security keys, phone book, SMS settings, etc., and operating system patches.

* ROM dump or ROM image, a record of the data in a ROM, EEPROM, or MCU

It is common practice to use rewritable non-volatile memory – such as UV-EPROM or EEPROM – for the development phase of a project, and to switch to mask ROM when the code has been finalized.

For example, Atmel microcontrollers come in both EEPROM and mask ROM formats.

Models running firmware 4. 0 and beyond use EEPROM instead of ROM and thus are upgradeable.

The UICC smart card consists of a CPU, ROM, RAM, EEPROM and I / O circuits.

Cell 0 was “ ROM ”, always containing a numeric " 1 "; cells 1 to 98 were “ RAM ”; available for instructions and data ; and cell 99 could best be described as “ EEPROM ”.

* Non-volatile random access memory ( NVRAM ), usually in the form of static RAM backed up with battery power ( battery RAM ), or an electrically erasable programmable ROM ( EEPROM ).

It has many built-in functions, like a color and grayscale display controller, PC speaker sound, serial port with UART and IRDA support, UART bootstrap, real time clock, is able to directly access DRAM, Flash ROM, and mask ROM, and has built-in support for touch screens.

* Non-volatile memory chips ( usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards ) containing the system's firmware or BIOS

This allows the entire OS and all applications to be placed in ROM or Flash memory, and eases memory management requirements when programs are loaded into RAM and run.

The RAM and Flash ROM are used to store expressions, variables, programs, tables, text files, and lists.

* Secondary storage: Drive A: Left PCMCIA slot Drive B: Right PCMCIA slot Drive C: ROM drive with MS-DOS 5. 0 Drive D: 784 KB Flash drive Drive E: RAM drive ( if configured )

The WebTV set-top box had very limited processing and memory resources ( just a 112 MHz MIPS CPU, 2 megabytes of RAM, 2 megabytes of ROM, 1 megabyte of Flash memory ) and the device relied upon a connection through a 33. 6 kbit / s dialup modem to connect to the WebTV Service, where powerful servers provide back-end support to the WebTV set-top boxes to support a full Web-browsing and email experience for the subscribers.

Much emphasis has been put on machines with motherboards based on the Intel 430TX chipset, but by far the most important variable in CIH's success in writing to a machine's BIOS is the type of Flash ROM chip in the machine.

Different Flash ROM chips ( or chip families ) have different write-enable routines specific to those chips.

CIH makes no attempt to test for the Flash ROM type in its victim machines, and has only one write-enable sequence.

In response to these concerns, Texas Instruments introduced the TI-89 which is functionally similar to the original TI-92, but featured Flash ROM and 188 KB RAM, and a smaller design without the QWERTY keyboard.

Eventually, TI released the Voyage 200, which is a smaller, lighter version of the TI-92 Plus with a QWERTY keyboard and more Flash ROM.

The main improvement over the TI-83, however, is the addition of 512 kB of Flash ROM, which allows for operating system upgrades and applications to be installed.

; Flash ROM

There is 1. 5 MB of user-accessible Flash ROM.

; Flash ROM

; Flash ROM

In fact, this scheme was a common method of digital keyboard sound creation for more than a decade, until ROM and Flash RAM were finally inexpensive enough to store entire samples or multisamples.

Due to OS X not requiring the availability of the Toolbox, this allowed ROM sizes to shrink dramatically ( typically from to ), and facilitated the use of Flash memory for system firmware instead of the now more expensive and less flexible Mask ROM that most previous Macs used.