* Rationalization ( making excuses )

Rationalization ( making excuses ) is often involved in reducing anxiety about conflicting cognitions.

* Rationalization ( making excuses ), a phenomenon in psychology

* Rationalization ( making excuses ), a psychological defense mechanism in which perceived controversial behaviors are logically justified

It was designated as a part of Governor John Engler's Rationalization program on October 1, 1998 and first signed in 2001.

What psychoanalysis added was the specific idea of the motives that were glossed or colored being unconscious, a point developed further by Lundhold, " Repression and Rationalization ", in 1933, and by Hollitscher, " The Concept of Rationalization " in 1939.

* Rationalization ( economics ), an attempt to change a pre-existing ad-hoc workflow into one that is based on a set of published rules.

In essence then, Weber's " Spirit of Capitalism " is effectively and more broadly a Spirit of Rationalization.

Rationalization is an ambivalent aspect of modernity, manifested especially in Western society ; as a behaviour of the capitalist market ; of rational administration in the state and bureaucracy ; of the extension of modern science ; and of the expansion of modern technology.

Rationalization is the guiding principle behind bureaucracy and the increasing division of labor, and has led to an increase in both the production and distribution of goods and services.

Rationalization is also observable in the replacement of more traditional stores, which may offer subjective advantages to consumers, such as what sociologists consider a less regulated, more natural environment, with modern stores offering the objective advantage of lower prices to consumers.

In his article " Subversive Rationalization: Technology, Power and Democracy with Technology ," Andrew Feenberg argues that technological determinism is not a very well founded concept by illustrating that two of the founding theses of determinism are easily questionable and in doing so calls for what he calls democratic rationalization ( Feenberg 210 – 212 ).

In Freudian psychoanalytic theory, defence mechanisms ( or defense mechanisms ) are psychological strategies brought into play by the unconscious mind to manipulate, deny, or distort reality ( through processes including, but not limited to, Repression, Identification, or Rationalization ), and to maintain a socially acceptable self-image or self-schema.

( 1984 ) The Theory of Communicative Action Volume 1 ; Reason and the Rationalization of Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.

For convenient access to many of Ritzer ’ s substantive contributions to modern and postmodern social theorizing, see Explorations in Social Theory: From Metatheorizing to Rationalization ( 2001 ) as well as more recent work often co-authored with his many students, such as ( with J. Michael Ryan ) “ Postmodern Social Theory and Sociology: On Symbolic Exchange with a ‘ Dead ’ Theory ,” in Reconstructing Postmodernism: Critical Debates ( 2007 ).

::: Predestination ; Elimination of Magic ; Rationalization of the World ; Certainty of Salvation ; Lutheranism vs. Calvinism ; Catholicism vs. Calvinism ; Monasticism vs. Puritanism ; Methodical Ethic ; Idea of Proof.

* Bremmer, Jan. “ Rationalization and Disenchantment in Ancient Greece: Max Weber among the Pythagoreans and Orphics ?” From Myth to Reason: Studies in the Development of Greek Thought.

* Rationalization: contemporary social scientists rationalize the present social order as a natural state of arrangements and see it as the victor of a competition with failed alternatives.

Rationalization aims at an efficiency increase by better use of existing possibilities: A same effect can with fewer means, or with same means to be obtained.

Rationalization encourages irrational or unacceptable behavior, motives, or feelings and often involves ad hoc hypothesizing.

Rationalization may differentiate the original deterministic explanation of the behavior or feeling in question.

Rationalization formed a central concept in the foundation of classical sociology, particularly with respect to the emphasis the discipline placed – by contrast with anthropology – on the nature of modern Western societies.

In 1965 the Transport Rationalization Department, which later became DFDS Transport, began its activities.

In a more abstract sense, by making excuses, we can externalize the guilt associated with our actions.

The Song Remains The Same is not a great film, but there's no point in making excuses.

Show runner Mike Scully thought that Gil would be " a one-shot thing " but " Dan Castellaneta was so funny at the table read doing the character, we kept making up excuses in subsequent episodes to put him in.

He also made it a point to talk about fixing problems rather than making excuses.

After hearing what happened from the dying man, making his excuses to Raoul, he departs to warn Athos about the son of Milady.

He kept making excuses for leaving the carriage whenever the train stopped.

Sore loser behavior includes blaming others for the loss, not taking responsibility for personal actions that contributed to the defeat, reacting to the loss in an immature or improper fashion, making excuses for the defeat, and citing unfavorable conditions or other petty issues as reasons for the defeat.

A tamasic life would be marked by laziness, irresponsibility, cheating, maliciousness, insensitivity, criticizing and finding fault, frustration, aimless living, lack of logical thinking or planning, and making excuses.

Moscow argued about the presence of WWII-vintage US military equipment-M24 Chaffee tanks, GMC trucks and other military antiquities used as accessories for the making of the movie-as evidence of a secret pro-Czech anti-Soviet MAP among other political excuses to justify the military " coup " the Soviet authorities planned against Prague.

Sydney then excuses herself, hastily making her way to her bedroom to get a weapon, somehow realizing Will was right and " Francie " was a double.

On the seventh anniversary of Daniel's death, Judea wrote an article in the Wall Street Journal titled Daniel Pearl and the Normalization of Evil: When will our luminaries stop making excuses for terror ?.

Based on anecdotal and survey evidence, Banja states that rationalization ( making excuses ) is very common amongst the medical profession in covering up medical errors.

Static takes a moment to scold Page, who, in his opinion, seems more concerned with making excuses over their initial meet up than what was more important, stopping the danger.

The other Smith children, Bill, Gypsy and Isabelle, have all grown into spoiled adults, but Emma lovingly indulges them all, making excuses for their bad behavior to their father and everyone else.

Heenan acted as the heel of the broadcast team, cheering on the heel of the fight and making excuses for them when they cheated.

Because he, his niece Natalie, and Natalie's son Louis are Jewish, the Italian government will not give them visas while making paper-thin excuses.

In psychology and logic, rationalization ( also known as making excuses ) is an unconscious defense mechanism in which perceived controversial behaviors or feelings are logically justified and explained in a rational or logical manner in order to avoid any true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable – or even admirable and superior – by plausible means.

:" I'm not making any excuses.

While making numerous promised – and excuses – to Long, Lafitte gathered information about the expedition and passed it on to Spanish authorities.

New Jack commented that nothing could excuse what Benoit had done and all people on WWE and elsewhere who were making excuses for him were hypocrites.