The League of Nations, formed in 1919 in the wake of the First World War, and the General Treaty for the Renunciation of War of 1928 signed in Paris, France, demonstrated that world powers were seriously seeking a means to prevent the carnage of another world war.

Later on, the World Peace Congress asked the United Nations to declare war as illegal by sending the Renunciation of War Resolution, resolutions adopted at the third World Peace Thai Congress in 2010, to UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-Moon, requesting him to ask all Heads of States of the UN to adopt the resolutions by suitably amending their individual Constitutions, or by enacting a special law by their legislatures.

Renunciation of War ( 9 )

* 19. 9 — Renunciation Day of Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara

* " Native American Aliens: Disloyalty and the Renunciation of Citizenship by Japanese Americans during World War II ," 1985, Donald E. Collins.

This was followed by A Treatise of Christian Renunciation ( 1593 ), which comprised a selection of quotations on what Catholics should be prepared to renounce for their faith, and The Societie of the Rosary ( 1593 – 1594 )

Renunciation of the right to own property is now a matter for the constitutions of the religious institute in question and is associated not with the solemnity of the vows but with their perpetuity.

Under Lincoln's leadership, the Union set up a naval blockade that shut down the South's normal trade, took control of the border slave states at the start of the war, gained control of communications with gunboats on the southern river systems, and tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia.

Under the Geneva Conventions of 1949, it is a war crime to transfer, directly or indirectly, the civilian population of a country power onto land under that country's military occupation.

Under the cloud of threatening war, it is humanity hanging from a cross of iron.

Under the Constitution of 1791, the solution of a constitutional monarchy was adopted, and the king supported a war against Austria in order to increase his popularity, starting the long French Revolutionary Wars.

Under war conditions and with national survival seemingly at stake, the Montagnard Jacobins under Maximilien Robespierre centralized denunciations, trials, and executions.

Under the secret Treaty of London signed in April 1915, Triple Entente powers promised Italy that it would gain Vlorë ( Valona ) and nearby lands and a protectorate over Albania in exchange for entering the war against Austria-Hungary.

Under the terms of the Anglo-Irish agreement of 6 December 1921, which ended the war ( 1919 – 1921 ), Northern Ireland was given the option of withdrawing from the new state, the Irish Free State, and remaining part of the United Kingdom.

Under American advice ( by American envoy John Kenneth Galbraith who made and ran American policy on the war as all other top policy makers in USA were absorbed in coincident Cuban Missile Crisis ) Nehru refrained, not according to the best choices available, from using the Indian air force to beat back the Chinese advances.

Under Stepinac's leadership, the bishops ' conference released a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes in September, 1945.

Under Section IX was The Statistical Research Centre War Office ( a cover name ), mobilised on September 1939 on the outbreak of war at War Station No X Bletchley Park, charged with breaking the German Enigma codes.

Under international pressure, President Sirleaf requested in March 2006 that Nigeria extradite Charles Taylor, who was then brought before an international tribunal in Sierra Leone to face charges of crimes against humanity, arising from events during the Sierra Leone civil war ( his trial was later transferred to The Hague for security purposes ).

Under the command of the military organs, it undertakes such jobs as war preparation services, security and defense operation tasks and assistance in maintaining social order and public security.

Under " Admiral " Naismith's brilliant leadership, the Dendarii eventually take over the rest of the Oseran fleet and win the war.

Under king Ladislaus he was among the few Neapolitan feudataries who were able to maintain their territorial power after the royal war against them.

Under the terms of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, the Empire of Japan declared war on the German Empire in 1914 and invaded German overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean.

Under pressure from Moscow and Berlin, the Romanian administration and the army were forced to retreat from Bessarabia as well from Northern Bukovina to avoid war.

Under international treaty, it may be used " in time of war as in time of peace, by every vessel of commerce or of war, without distinction of flag.

Under Grant, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and effectively ended the war with the surrender of Robert E. Lee's army at Appomattox.

Under the new conditions of the war, heavy equipment was no use to them, and therefore no great loss.

Under these circumstances, the Germans had to continue the war, yet couldn't pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity.

Under the Ostrogoths, Pavia became a fortified citadel and their last bulwark in the war against Belisarius.

Under his successor Samsu-iluna ( 1749-1712 BC ) the far south of Mesopotamia was lost to a native Akkadian king called Ilum-ma-ili and became The Sealand Dynasty, remaining free of Babylon for the next 272 years, and both the Babylonians and Amorites were driven from Assyria to the north by an Assyrian governor named Puzur-Sin, and after a civil war, a native king named Adasi seized power.

Under the Nuremberg Principles, war crimes are different from crimes against peace which is planning, preparing, initiating, or waging a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements, or assurances.

Signatory states to the Convention can only derogate from the rights contained in Article 2 for deaths which result from lawful acts of war.

Article 15 allows contracting states to derogate from certain rights guaranteed by the Convention in time of " war or other public emergency threatening the life of the nation ".

Article 29 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court states that genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes " shall not be subject to any statute of limitations ".

Because the attacks on the United States were judged to be within the parameters of its charter, NATO declared that Article 5 of the NATO agreement was satisfied on September 12, 2001, making the US war on terrorism the first time since its inception that NATO would actually participate in a " hot " war.

Proponents of continuity cite a variety of contributory factors: it is argued that it was Lenin, rather than Stalin, whose civil war measures introduced the Red Terror with its hostage taking and internment camps, that it was Lenin who developed the infamous Article 58, and who established the autocratic system within the Communist Party.

The President is the military's commander-in-chief ; however Article One gives Congress and not the President the exclusive right to declare war.

Article 231 of the Treaty ( the ' war guilt ' clause ) declared Germany and its allies responsible for all ' loss and damage ' suffered by the Allies during the war and provided the basis for reparations.

The German invasion of Belgium on 4 August 1914, in violation of Article VII of the treaty, was the reason given by the British government for declaring war.

Article 8 of the statute provides that torture may also, under certain circumstances, be prosecuted as a war crime.

In particular, Article 17 says that " No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of war to secure from them information of any kind whatever.

The Qing government was obliged to pay the British government six million silver dollars for the opium that had been confiscated by Lin Zexu in 1839 ( Article IV ), 3 million dollars in compensation for debts that the Hong merchants in Canton owed British merchants ( Article V ), and a further 12 million dollars in war reparations for the cost of the war ( VI ).

The Qing government undertook to release all British prisoners of war ( Article VIII ) and to give a general amnesty to all Chinese subjects who had cooperated with the British during the war ( Article IX ).

The Constitution also stated ( Article 38 ) that the Parliament will meet in Nuku ' alofa except in time of war.

This role is vested in times of peace in the Minister of Defense, going to the Chancellor rather than the president in times of war, by Article 65a.

Therefore, Article 6 of the Charter was drafted to include not only traditional war crimes and crimes against peace, but in paragraph 6. c, Crimes Against Humanity defined as

The constitution, also known as the or the, is most characteristic and famous for the renunciation of the right to wage war contained in Article 9 and to a lesser extent, the provision for de jure popular sovereignty in conjunction with the monarchy.