The Ark of the Covenant was said to be have been kept in the Basilica of St. John Lateran, surviving the pillages of Rome by Genseric and Alaric I but lost when the basilica burned.

Analyzing the data from the Roman census of the 3rd century BC, Adrian Goldsworthy noted that during the conflict Rome lost about 50, 000 citizens.

After a few more raids across the Rhine, which resulted in the recovery of two of the three legion's eagles lost in 9, Germanicus was recalled to Rome and informed by Tiberius that he would be given a triumph and reassigned to a different command.

Virtually every family in Rome lost a member or members in the swath of destruction brought down on them by Hannibal and his Carthaginian armies.

This makes the battle one of the most catastrophic defeats in the history of Ancient Rome, and one of the bloodiest battles in all of human history ( in terms of the number of lives lost within a single day ).

After Rome became an empire, the ability to impress and persuade people by the spoken word lost much of its importance.

She remained as Pope Gregory's chief intermediary for communication with northern Europe even as he lost control of Rome and was holed up in the Castel Sant ' Angelo.

For example, the earliest surviving copies of parts of the Roman historian Tacitus ' main work, the Annals of Imperial Rome ( written in 116 AD ), come from a single manuscript written in 850 AD, although for other parts of his work, the earliest copies come from the 11th century, while other parts of his work have been lost.

" Although Eulalius appeared to be destined to be confirmed to the post, by boldly entering Rome on 18 March — Easter Sunday that year fell on 30 March — and disobeying Imperial orders, he lost the support of the authorities.

His contemporary and enemy, the author of Philosophumena ( probably Hippolytus of Rome ), relates that Callixtus, as a young slave, was put in charge of collected funds by his master Carpophorus, funds which were given as alms by other Christians for the care of widows and orphans ; Callixtus lost the funds and fled from Rome, but was caught near Portus.

Rome had already lost its hegemony over the provinces, Germanics dominated the Roman army and Germanic generals like Odoacer had long been the real powers behind the throne.

Justin Martyr ( in his Apologies, and in a lost work against heresies, which Irenaeus used as his main source ) and Irenaeus ( Adversus Haereses ) record that after being cast out by the Apostles he came to Rome where, having joined to himself a profligate woman of the name of Helen, he gave out that it was he who appeared among the Jews as the Son, in Samaria as the Father and among other nations as the Holy Spirit.

Masaccio produced two other works, a Nativity and an Annunciation, now lost, before leaving for Rome, where his companion Masolino was frescoing a chapel with scenes from the life of St. Catherine in the Basilica di San Clemente.

In 390 BC the city of Rome was attacked by the Gauls, and as a result may have lost many-though not all-of its earlier records.

Though the early literary presentations of Medea are lost, Apollonius of Rhodes, in a redefinition of epic formulas, and Euripides, in a dramatic version for a specifically Athenian audience, each employed the figure of Medea ; Seneca offered yet another tragic Medea, of witchcraft and potions, and Ovid rendered her portrait three times for a sophisticated and sceptical audience in Imperial Rome.

These are now lost, having been incorporated into Renaissance Rome, with only some drawings from the 16th century remaining.

More than a century passed before Rome again lost military ascendancy over its external enemies.

A little more is known of Pontian than his predecessors, apparently from a lost papal chronicle that was available to the compiler of the Liberian Catalogue of bishops of Rome, made in the fourth century.

Other grammars by Charisius ( mainly a compilation of Thrax, as well as lost texts by Remmius Palaemon and others ) and Diomedes ( focusing more on prosody ) were popular in Rome as pedagogic material for teaching Greek to native Latin speakers.

He lost his army to Octavian when his men mutinied, Lepidus is kept in luxurious captivity in Rome until his death.

* Having lost his alliance with the Numidian chief Masinissa, the Carthaginian general, Hasdrubal Gisco, finds a new ally in the Numidian king Syphax, who marries Sophonisba, Hasdrubal's daughter, whom until his defection to Rome has been betrothed to Masinissa.

* The Achaeans respond to Sparta's renewed interest in recovering lost territory by sending an envoy to Rome with a request for help.

The book explicitly notes that, having made war on the ground, man would now fill the skies with death, and all precious things were in danger of being lost, like the lost histories of Rome (" Lost books of Livy ").

Aid was refused and Leo returned to Rome in March 1053 with only 700 Swabian infantry.

Rome contained about 1, 700 private houses and 47, 000 insulae or tenement block.

It was introduced to Greece around 700 BC and to Rome about 200 BC.

Of the 9, 700 Jews in Rome, 1, 007 had been shipped to Auschwitz.

Plutarch compares Lycurgus and his Spartan laws to the law system Numa Pompilius introduced in Rome around 700 BC.

When his father died in 1894, he bequeathed his collection to his son, Henry, who greatly expanded the scope of acquisitions, including his astounding purchase of the contents of a palace in Rome that contained over 1, 700 pieces.

* La scoperta degli etruschi: archeologia e antiquaria nel ’ 700 ( Rome: Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, 1983 ).

A list of the nearly 700 books in his library is preserved in the Bodleian Library while architecture and related crafts made up the bulk of his books ; other subjects covered included: antiquities, coins, and heraldry ; histories of England, Scotland and Rome and other nations ; literature included works by Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe and Matthew Prior ; travel books including Egypt, the South Seas, Russia, Hungary, Lapland, Virginia, Ceylon and Abyssinia, missionary travels included China, Formosa, Guinea, Borneo and the East Indies ; books on religion included both Anglican and Roman Catholic works ; and even cookery books.

The city's population in the late 3rd century is thought to have fluctuated between 700, 000 – 800, 000, down from more than 1 million, based also on figures for the amount of grain to feed the population in Rome and surrounding areas.

Thirteen years after being raised, the ships were burned during an attack in the Second World War, and almost nothing remains of the hulls, though many archeological treasures remain intact in the museum at Lake Nemi and in the Museo Nazionale Romano ( Palazzo Massimo ) at Rome.

These were used in cranes and aboard ships in Ancient Greece, as well as in mines, water pumps and siege engines in Ancient Rome.

Some historians have speculated that since Rome lacked advanced naval technology the design of the warships was probably copied verbatim from captured Carthaginian triremes and quinqueremes or from ships that had beached on Roman shores due to storms.

The loss of 17 ships at the Lipari Islands from a starting total of 120 ships suggests that Rome had 103 remaining.

Modern historians have wondered at Duilius ’ decision not to immediately follow up with another naval attack, but Hamilcar ’ s remaining 80 ships was probably still too strong for Rome to conquer.

Along with constructing a new fleet of 140 ships, Rome returned to the strategy of taking the Carthaginian cities in Sicily one by one.

It is known that ancient Nubia / Axum traded with India, and there is evidence that ships from Northeast Africa may have sailed back and forth between India / Sri Lanka and Nubia trading goods and even to Persia, Himyar and Rome.

Through this harbour passed all the goods to or from Rome, but all the cargo was carried by small and light ships directed to Olbia ( some 50 Kilometers north ), where bigger ships would have trafficked with Ostia.

The format is that of the Arch of Titus in Rome, but made taller, so that the bronze figures surmounting it, of Trajan, his wife Plotina and sister Marciana, would figure as a landmark for ships approaching Rome's greatest Adriatic port.

* Carthage and Rome make a treaty whereby Roman ships undertake not to trade to the west of Carthage while the Carthaginians undertake not to interfere in Latin politics.

* A second Roman war fleet of 150 ships is wrecked on the voyage from Lilybaeum ( in Sicily ) to Rome.

Vigilius sent ships with grain to Rome, but these were captured by the enemy.

The Carthaginians give Rome money and ships in their fight against Pyrrhus, the king of Epirus.

Conon and his followers were embarked in ships with which the Goths provided them, and when, deciding to sail for Rome, they were hindered by contrary winds, Totila furnished horses, provisions, and guides so that they could make the journey by land.

Two years later, Antiochus V was greatly weakened because Rome sent an emissary to sink his ships and hamstring his elephants for his violation of the Peace of Apamea, storing up too much weaponry.

Returning from India, the ships travelled up the Red Sea, from where the cargo was carried overland or via the Nile Canal to the Nile River, barged to Alexandria, and shipped from there to Italy and Rome.

Consecrated emperor at Rome, in a church outside the walls, by Pope Honorius III on 9 April 1217, he borrowed some ships from the Venetians, promising in return to conquer Durazzo for them ; but he failed in this enterprise, and sought to make his way to Constantinople by land.

The Roman Navy grew gradually as Rome found itself involved in more and more Mediterranean politics ; by the time of the Roman Civil War and the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, hundreds of ships were involved, many of them quinqueremes mounting catapults and fighting towers.

Having only built half the needed ships Caesar grew impatient and decided to gamble on sending half his army across, and to then have the ships travel back to Rome and transport the remainder.

Ancient Romans quarried the marble, loaded it onto ships at the port of Luni and took it to Rome.

The loss of 17 ships at the Lipari Islands from a starting total of 120 ships suggests that Rome had 103 remaining.