These ranged from Royalists who wished to place King Charles II on the throne, to men like Oliver Cromwell, who wished to govern with a Parliament voted in by an electorate determined by property ownership, similar to that enfranchised before the civil war, to the Levellers, influenced by the writings of John Lilburne, who wanted parliamentary government based on an electorate constituted of every head of household ( normally though not necessarily male as was acknowledged in the Putney Debates ), through to other groups with smaller followings like the Fifth Monarchists, Gerrard Winstanley and the Diggers, the Ranters, and the Society of Friends ( Quakers ).

* 1793 – Surrender of the frigate La Lutine by French Royalists to Lord Hood ; renamed, she later becomes a famous treasure wreck.

The English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ).

Maps of territory held by Cavalier | Royalists ( red ) and Roundhead | Parliamentarians ( green ) during the English Civil War ( 1642 – 1645 )

* 1814 – Battle of Rancagua: Spanish Royalists troops under Mariano Osorio defeated rebel Chilean forces of Bernardo O ' Higgins and Jose Miguel Carrera.

The term was initially applied in Ireland to the isolated bands of guerrillas resisting Oliver Cromwell's nine-month 1649 – 1650 campaign in Ireland, who were allied with Royalists through treaty with the Parliament of Confederate Ireland, signed at Kilkenny in January 1649 ; and later to dispossessed Catholics in Ulster following the Restoration.

* October 23 – First English Civil War – Battle of Edgehill: Royalists and Parliamentarians battle to a draw.

* January 26 – First English Civil War – Battle of Nantwich: The Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists, allowing them to end the 6-week Siege of Nantwich in Cheshire, England.

* July 2 – English Civil War – Battle of Marston Moor: The Parliamentarians crush the Royalists, ending Charles I's hold on the north of England.

* September 2 – English Civil War – Second Battle of Lostwithiel: Charles I and the Royalists gain their last major victory.

* August 18 – The Third War of Religion begins in France after an unsuccessful attempt by the Royalists to capture Condé and Coligny, the Huguenot leaders.

* July 5 – First English Civil War – Battle of Lansdowne: Royalists and Parliamentarians battle to a draw.

* September 20 – First English Civil War – First Battle of Newbury: Royalists withdraw to end further bloodshed.

* September – Battle of Inverlochy: Donald Balloch defeats the Royalists.

* November 10 – Battle of Saint-Denis: Anne de Montmorency, with 16, 000 Royalists, falls on Condé's 3, 500 Huguenots.

* June 28 – English Civil War: The Royalists lose Carlisle.

* Malcolm Rogers, William Dobson, 1611 – 46: The Royalists at War, National Portrait Gallery Exhibition Catalogue, 1983.

The Spanish corps included a force of 2, 000 English / Irish Royalists – formed as the nucleus of potential army for the invasion of England by Charles II, with Charles ' brother James, Duke of York, amongst its commanders – was sent to relieve the town.

But the Royalists were not masters of the city, for the French in Castel Sant ' Elmo and the Republicans in Castel Nuovo and Castel dell ’ Ovo still held out and bombarded the streets, while the Franco – Spanish fleet might arrive at any moment.

The Second English Civil War ( 1648 – 1649 ) was the second of three wars known as the English Civil War ( or Wars ) which refers to the series of armed conflicts and political machinations which took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1652 and also include the First English Civil War ( 1642 – 1646 ) and the Third English Civil War ( 1649 – 1651 ).

After some skirmishing, the Royalists supporters in the Barbados House of Assembly led by Lord Willoughby surrendered.

Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I and his supporters, the Cavaliers ( Royalists ), who claimed absolute power and the divine right of kings.

In Scotland itself, from 1644 – 45 a Scottish civil war was fought between Scottish Royalists — supporters of Charles I — under James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, and the Covenanters, who had controlled Scotland since 1639 and allied with the English Parliament.

However, although some English Royalists joined the army, they came in far fewer numbers than Charles and his Scottish supporters had hoped.

Because < span lang =" fr "> Napoleon </ span >' s hold on political power was still tenuous, French Royalists devised a plot that involved kidnapping and assassinating him and inviting < span lang =" fr "> Louis Antoine Henri </ span >, the Duke of Enghien, to lead a < span lang =" fr "> coup d ' état </ span > that would precede the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy with Louis XVIII on the throne.

Doctrinaires was the name given during the Bourbon Restoration ( 1814-1830 ) to the little group of French Royalists who hoped to reconcile the Monarchy with the Revolution, and power with liberty.

Royalists supported absolute monarchy, arguing that the sovereign governed by divine right.

Royalists and their allies still dreamed of restoring the monarchy to power, while the Prussian and Austrian crowns did not accept their territorial losses during the previous war.

Following the defeat of the Royalists and the abolition of the monarchy and House of Lords, England became a commonwealth in 1649 with the regicide of Charles I.

Although Royalists formed but a petty fraction of the majority, they accused that fraction of seeking to restore monarchy and to undo the work of the Revolution.

In 1651 before the Battle of Worcester the hill was turned into a redoubt by the Royalists, ( the remains of which can be seen today in Fort Royal Hill Park ).

The origins of the war can be found in the Second English Civil War, fought between the Royalists and Parliamentarians from 1642 to 1652.

As an offset to this sword maker, the Royalists had among their adherents Colonel Dud Dudley, who had invented a means of smelting iron by the use of coke, and who claimed he could turn out " all sorts of bar iron fit for making of muskets, carbines, and iron for great bolts ", both more cheaply, more speedily and more excellent than could be done in any other way.

The regiment has the rare distinction of having fought on the side of both Parliament and the Royalists during the English Civil War 1642 to 1649.

In the 17th century Civil Wars, townspeople of Poulton fought on both sides, although more men from the Fylde were on the side of the Royalists.

Smith remained held in Paris for two years, despite a number of efforts to exchange him and frequent contacts with both French Royalists and British agents.

In the following years, those supporting de Montfort, including his circle of Franciscan advisors centered on Adam Marsh, and those loyal to the king grew more and more polarised ; Henry obtained a papal bull in 1261 exempting him from his oath, and both sides began to raise armies, the Royalists under Edward Longshanks, Henry's eldest son.

These hardships meant that the Royalists arrived at Newbury before Essex, with both armies settling down for the night outside the town, too exhausted to immediately fight.

The Royalists infantry were also outperformed, Essex's force retaining a high level of cohesiveness while the Royalists were described as relatively unprofessional ; both Day and Blair Worden also give the paucity of ammunition and gunpowder as an important ( and endemic ) deciding factor in the success or failure of Charles ' campaign.

These developments both distracted the Royalists and weakened their forces around Oxford, King Charles's wartime capital.

He was held in Paris for two years, despite a number of efforts to exchange him and frequent contacts with both French Royalists and British agents.

It was held by the Royalists and besieged in both 1645 and in 1648, eventually falling to the Parliamentarian forces on 25 May 1648.

The brothers were both elected MPs for Bury St Edmunds in the Long Parliament in November 1640 and were active and ardent Royalists.

The garrison was composed of both English Royalists and Irish Confederate troops under Arthur Aston, with a total strength of about 2, 550.

On his return from prison in a fortress in Silesia he continued to defend the Bonapartist cause in Le Pays, against both Republicans and Royalists.