SGML derived the use from IBM Generalized Markup Language, which was one of many IBM-mainframe languages to use the ampersand to signal a text substitution, eventually going back to System / 360 macro assembly language.

The standard generalized markup language ( SGML ) was based upon IBM Generalized Markup Language ( GML ).

He is known for designing and implementing the REXX programming language ( published in IBM Systems Journal in 1984 ) and the NetRexx programming language ( 1996 – 1997 ), his work on color perception and image processing ( 1982 – 1985 ), the STET folding editor ( 1977 ), the LEXX live parsing editor ( 1985, possibly the first editor with color highlighting ) for the Oxford English Dictionary, electronic publishing, SGML applications, PMGlobe, the IBM Jargon file ( IBMJARG ) through 1990, Java-related languages, the Acorn System 1 simulator,

With the development of XML as a markup language suitable for both print and online documentation ( replacing SGML with its focus on print ), IBM developed the Darwin Information Typing Architecture XML standard in 2000.

It was during this time Bray worked with SGML, a technology that would later become central to both Open Text Corporation and his XML and Atom standardization work.

* Henderson, L. R., and Gebhardt, " CGM: SGML for Graphics ," The Gilbane Report, Fall 1994.

Some standards for using these on the WWW were proposed, most notably in 1994, by people very familiar with earlier work in SGML.

HTML's usage of character references derives from SGML.

The character entity references,, and are predefined in HTML and SGML, because,, and are already used to delimit markup.

XML uses a subset of SGML DTD.

DTDs persist in applications which need special publishing characters such as the XML and HTML Character Entity References, which were derived from the larger sets defined as part of the ISO SGML standard effort.

A DTD is associated with an XML or SGML document by means of a Document Type Declaration.

All HTML 4. 01 documents conform to one of three SGML DTDs.

SGML allows for public identifiers to be mapped to system identifiers in catalogs that are optionally made available to the URI resolvers used by document parsing software.

Only one notation name may be specified in the value of ENTITY attributes ( there's no support in SGML, XML 1. 0 or XML 1. 1 for multiple notation names in the same declared external ENTITY, so separate attributes will be needed ).

Some applications ( but not XML or SGML parsers themselves ) also allow referencing notations indirectly by naming them in the < tt >" URN: name "</ tt > value of a standard CDATA attribute, everywhere a URI can be specified.

However this behaviour is application-specific, and requires that the application maintains a catalog of known URNs to resolve them into the notations that have been parsed in a standard SGML or XML parser.

This use allows notations to be defined only in a DTD stored as an external entity and referenced only as the external subset of documents, and allows these documents to remain compatible with validating XML or SGML parsers that have no direct support for notations.

Note also that even in validating SGML or XML 1. 0 or XML 1. 1 parsers, the external entities referenced by an FPI and / or URI in declared notations are not retrieved automatically by the parsers themselves.

Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house SGML based documentation format at CERN.

Many of the text elements are found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF command developed in the early 1960s for the CTSS ( Compatible Time-Sharing System ) operating system: these formatting commands were derived from the commands used by typesetters to manually format documents.

However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements ( nested annotated ranges with attributes ) rather than merely print effects, with also the separation of structure and processing ; HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS.

Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML.

It was formally defined as such by the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification: " Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML )" Internet-Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document Type Definition to define the grammar.

HTML 4 is an SGML application conforming to ISO 8879 – SGML.

: Although its syntax closely resembles that of SGML, HTML5 has abandoned any attempt to be an SGML application and has explicitly defined its own " html " serialization, in addition to an alternative XML-based XHTML5 serialization.

The LDS Church's 1981 edition also contains two " Official Declarations " at the book's conclusion, the first renouncing polygamy in 1890, and the second in 1978 announcing the opening of priesthood ordination to all worthy male members including previously restricted members of African descent.

These two " Official Declarations " are not revelations, but they serve as the formal announcements that a revelation was received.

Declarations of Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology.

Declarations: None.

Declarations of Cultural Independence: The Nationalistic Imperative Behind the Passage of Early American Copyright Laws, 1783-1787 Journal of the Copyright Society of the U. S. A., Vol.

Dahl and Nygaard presented their paper on Class and Subclass Declarations at the IFIP Working Conference on simulation languages in Oslo, May 1967.

* Brown, Joanne, & St. Clair, Nancy, Declarations of Independence: Empowered Girls in Young Adult Literature, 1990 – 2001 ( Lanham, MD, & London: The Scarecrow Press, 2002 Studies in Young Adult Literature, No. 7 )

Declarations from KGB General Nikolai Leonov, former Deputy Chief of the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, confirmed that the Soviet Union supported Allende's government economically, politically and militarily.

He reportedly began an unfinished Vietnam War novel, a portion of which appeared as the story First Base in his short story collection Declarations of War.

Declarations of war had to be approved by the women, while treaties of peace were subject to their deliberations.

* Declarations of Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology ( 1991 ) ISBN 0-06-092108-0.

* Passionate Declarations: Essays on War and Justice ( 2003 ) ISBN 0-06-055767-2.

The lines of this spell are often collectively called the " Forty-Two Declarations of Purity " or the Negative Confessions.

Bella Vista's Declarations and Protective Covenants is the " rule book " that governs the village.

The Sanquhar Declarations, as they are known, set forth the basis of religious freedom in Scotland.

Declarations of Cultural Independence: The Nationalistic Imperative Behind the Passage of Early American Copyright Laws, 1783-1787 Journal of the Copyright Society of the U. S. A., Vol.

February 2012, traditional Himba chiefs issued two separate Declarations to the African Union and to the OHCHR of the United Nations.

" French Feminists and the Rights of ' Man ': Olympe de Gouges's Declarations.

On March 25, 1777 General Howe and his brother Lord Howe wrote to Lord George Germain ( Secretary of State for the Colonies ) in England " My Lord, We have the honor to enclose to your Lordship a state of the Declarations subscribed in consequence of our Proclamation of the 30th of November.