This was done in the Soviet Union, in secret, to evade the Treaty of Versailles's occupational agent, the Inter-Allied Commission.

The Soviet Union saw the new revolutionary government in Cuba as an excellent proxy agent in areas of the world where Soviet involvement was not popular on a local level.

Allied with a number of Chinese Communists and advised by Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin, Wang declared the National Government as having moved to Wuhan.

Chiang allowed for the " escape " of Soviet agent and advisor Mikhail Borodin and Soviet military officer Vasily Blücher ( Galens ) to safety after the purge.

Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent working as a liaison officer between the British intelligence service and the United States Central Intelligence Agency, had leaked details of the infiltration plan to Moscow, and the security breach claimed the lives of about 300 infiltrators.

They believed that the Labour Party, which is partly funded by affiliated trade unions, was unable and unwilling to counter these developments and that Wilson was either a Soviet agent or at the very least a Communist sympathiser – claims Wilson strongly denied.

* 2001 – FBI agent Robert Hanssen is arrested for spying for the Soviet Union.

Smollett was later identified as a Soviet agent.

* 1963 – The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.

Harold Adrian Russell " Kim " Philby ( 1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988 ) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union.

It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart – herself, at this time, a Soviet agent – who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence.

Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the British Foreign Office, and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain.

Whilst on a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon, daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds and wife of a London stockbroker, as a Soviet agent.

Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Guy Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent.

Lacking access to material of value and out of touch with Soviet intelligence, he all but ceased to operate as a Soviet agent.

Fuchs told interrogators the KGB acquired an agent in Berkeley, California, who informed the Soviet Union about electromagnetic separation research of uranium-235 in 1942 or earlier.

He was assassinated on Stalin's orders in Mexico, by Ramón Mercader, a Spanish-born Soviet agent.

* 1951 – Sergei Kourdakov, Soviet intelligence agent

* 1925 – Secret agent Sidney Reilly, the first " super-spy " of the 20th century, is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.

In November 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected president after a campaign that promised American superiority over the Soviet Union in the fields of space exploration and missile defense.

* Profumo Affair ( 1963 ): Secretary of State for War John Profumo had an affair with prostitute Christine Keeler ( to whom he had been introduced by pimp and drug-dealer Stephen Ward ) who was having an affair with a Soviet spy at the same time.

But six months after the crisis, a Gallup Poll found that public worry about nuclear weapons had fallen back to its lowest point since 1957, and there was a view, disputed by CND supporters, that U. S. President John F. Kennedy's success in facing down Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev turned the British public away from CND.

In 2003, Morris won the Best Documentary Oscar at the Academy Awards, for his film The Fog of War, about the career of Robert S. McNamara, who was famous for having been the Secretary of Defense who had led the nation into the Vietnam War under Presidents John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, and who was also crucially involved in having helped President Kennedy avoid a Third World War over the issue of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.

After Nikita Khrushchev's " secret speech " to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956, which revealed that the Soviet party leadership had long been aware of Stalin's crimes, Thompson ( with John Saville and others ) started a dissident publication inside the CP, called The Reasoner.

* John Anthony Walker ( born 1937 ), American communications specialist convicted in 1986 of spying for the Soviet Union

Soviet General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev meeting with United States President John F. Kennedy, June 1961.

* 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis ends: In response to the Soviet Union agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba, U. S. President John F. Kennedy ends the quarantine of the Caribbean nation.

* 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval " quarantine " of the Communist nation.

Historian John Erickson dates 1 February 1924, when Mikhail Frunze became head of the Red Army Staff, as the ascent of the General Staff, which dominated Soviet military planning and operations.

President John F. Kennedy was quoted as saying that it would be " some time " before the US could match the Soviet launch vehicle technology, and that " the news will be worse before it's better.

* June 9 – In Federal Court in Kansas City, Kansas, army deserter George John Gessner, 28, is convicted of passing United States secrets to the Soviet Union.

* October 22 – In a televised address, U. S. President John F. Kennedy announces to the nation the existence of Soviet missiles in Cuba.

* November 20 – The Cuban Missile Crisis ends: In response to the Soviet Union agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba, U. S. President John F. Kennedy ends the blockade of the Caribbean nation.

* May 19 – John Anthony Walker Jr., is arrested by the FBI for passing classified Naval communications to the Soviet Union.

** In a meeting with Pope John Paul II, President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev pledges greater religious freedom for citizens of the Soviet Union.

* French Eagles Soviet Heroes, John D. Clark, Sutton, 2005 ISBN 0-7509-4074-3

Other films include The 25th Hour ( 1967 ), with Virna Lisi ; The Magus ( 1968 ), with Michael Caine and Candice Bergen, and based on the novel by John Fowles ; La Bataille de San Sebastian ( Guns for San Sebastian ) with Charles Bronson ; and The Shoes of the Fisherman, where he played a Catholic Archbishop in a Soviet Ukrainian prison who becomes Pope.

Recent historians, such as Yale University's John Lewis Gaddis, have grown more favorable towards the use and influence of the phrase " evil empire " in describing the Soviet Union.

John F. Kennedy capitalized on this situation by emphasizing the Bomber gap and the Missile Gap, areas in which the Soviets were ( inaccurately ) perceived as leading the United States, while heated Soviet rhetoric, including Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev's famous threat that " We will bury you!

The official nuclear policy of the United States was one of " massive retaliation ", as coined by President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, which called for massive attack against the Soviet Union if they were to invade Europe, regardless of whether it was a conventional or a nuclear attack.

Of all the information provided by Golitsyn, the only item that was ever independently confirmed was the Soviet affiliation of John Vassall.

John Vassall, the Soviet spy, was arrested at his Dolphin Square apartment in 1962.

Golitsyn provided information about many famous Soviet agents including Kim Philby, Donald Duart Maclean, Guy Burgess, John Vassall, double agent Aleksandr Kopatzky who worked in Germany, and others.

William John Christopher Vassall ( 20 September 1924 – 18 November 1996 ) was a British civil servant who, under pressure of blackmail, spied for the Soviet Union.

Sometimes, traps of this sort may be laid especially to collect blackmail material — Vassall was almost certainly set up, as was Clayton Lonetree, who was blackmailed after an affair with a Soviet agent.