The 1907 Anglo-Russian Entente ( the Convention of St. Petersburg ) not only divided the region into separate areas of Russian and British influence but also established foundations for Afghan neutrality.

In an effort to isolate Germany, France went to great pains to woo Russia and the United Kingdom to its side, first by means of the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894, then the 1904 Entente Cordiale with the U. K, and finally the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907 which became the Triple Entente and eventually led Russia and the UK to enter World War I as Allies.

The Triple Entente ( from French entente " good will ") was the name given to the alliance between France ( lead by Georges Clemenceau ), Britain ( lead by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman ), and Russia ( lead by Nicholas II ) after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907.

In 1907, the Anglo-Russian Entente was agreed, which attempted to resolve a series of long-running disputes over Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, as well as helping to address British fears about German expansion in the Near East.

The Anglo-Russian Entente

The Franco-Russian Alliance, along with the Anglo-Russian Entente and the Entente Cordiale formed the so-called Triple Entente between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, France and Russia.

# REDIRECT Anglo-Russian Entente

The United Kingdom also reconciled with Russia in 1907 with the Anglo-Russian Entente.

Zveginstov, supporters of the Anglo-Russian Entente, promoted a private initiative for a railway connecting India and Europe, to counteract the economic threat Germany posed to the region.

Britain began to normalise its relations with European countries that it had disputes with, and the Entente Cordiale and the Anglo-Russian Entente were signed in 1904 and 1907 respectively.

In an effort to isolate Germany, France went to great pains to woo Russia and the United Kingdom to its side, first by means of the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894, then the 1904 Entente Cordiale with the U. K, and finally, with the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907 this became the Triple Entente, which eventually led Russia and the UK to enter World War I as Allies.

Outside the territory of the Russian SFSR, the republics were constituted mostly in lands that had formerly belonged to the Russian Monarchy and had been acquired by it between the 1700 Great Northern War and the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907.

The British-run Government of India initially rejected the Simla Agreement as incompatible with the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, which stipulated that neither party was to negotiate with Tibet " except through the intermediary of the Chinese government ".

* Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907

The classic Great Game period is generally regarded as running approximately from the Russo-Persian Treaty of 1813 to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907.

However, while Mannerheim was in China in 1907, Russia and Britain brokered the Anglo-Russian Agreement, ending the classical period of the Great Game.

The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 brought a close to the classic period of the Great Game.

Only four years later this position was abandoned and the Persian Gulf declared a neutral zone in the Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907, prompted in part by the high economic cost of defending India from Russian advances.

In 1907 the United Kingdom and Russia signed an agreement called the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907.

Russia signed the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 with Britain to counteract the threat of the Triple Alliance.

Simla ( along with the McMahon Line ) was initially rejected by the Government of India as incompatible with the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention.

Simla was initially rejected by the Government of India as incompatible with the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention.

In 1907, the Anglo-Russian Agreement between Russia and Britain divided Iran into spheres of influence, Questioning although not terminating Iranian sovereignty.

Signed on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg, Russia, the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 brought shaky British-Russian relations to the forefront by solidifying boundaries that identified respective control in Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.

The zones described in the Anglo-Russian Pact of 1907

Most serious of all, the hope that the Constitutional Revolution would inaugurate a new era of independence from the great powers ended when, under the Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907, Britain and Russia agreed to divide Persia into spheres of influence.

Despite feeling considerable resentment over not being consulted over the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 ( Convention of St. Petersburg ), Afghanistan remained neutral during the First World War ( 1914 – 1918 ), resisting considerable pressure from the Ottoman Empire when it entered the conflict on the side of Imperial Germany and the Sultan ( the titular leader of Islam ) called for a jihad against the Allies.

Having been approached by King Edward VII during the Russo-Japanese War with a proposal of alliance, he made it a primary aim of his policy when he became Foreign Minister, feeling that Russia, weakened by the war with Japan, needed another ally besides France ; this resulted in the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907.

* Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907

The sovereignty over Andkhui, Shibarghan, Saripul and Maimana was in dispute between Bukhara and Kabul until settled by the Anglo-Russian agreement of 1873 in favour of the Afghan claim.

In 1895 and 1896 another Joint Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission agreed on the frontier boundary to the far northeast of Afghanistan, which bordered Chinese territory ( although the Chinese did not formally accept this as a boundary between the two countries until 1964.

However, it only ran two trips between St Petersburg and Hull via Motala before the Crimean War halted Anglo-Russian trade.

Without any Afghan say in the matter, between 1885 and 1888 the Joint Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission agreed the Russians would relinquish the farthest territory captured in their advance, but retain Panjdeh.

It fought alongside the French in the Anglo-Russian Invasion of Holland in 1799 and several campaigns in Germany, Austria and Spain between 1800 and 1810.

The outcome of the Balkan Wars caused Russian and Britain to accept the probability of war between the Central Powers in the near future, suggesting the necessity of strong Anglo-Russian relations.

The Anglo-Russian War ( 1807 – 1812 ) ( between the United Kingdom and Russia ) occurred during the Napoleonic Wars.

Losing badly both times, the British signed the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention which divided Afghanistan between the two powers and outlined the framework for all future diplomatic relations.

In respect of colonial Balochistan, Simanti Dutta points out that Sandeman skillfully exploited an existing rift between the Baloch ruler, the Khan of Kalat, and his subordinate tribal chiefs to leverage his influence and project British power into a region which was strategically significant in the context of Anglo-Russian rivalry in Afghanistan.

* August 27 – War of the Second Coalition: Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland – Britain and Russia send an expedition to the Batavian Republic.

King George believed this was a ploy to divide Britain and Russia as French interests would suffer if she had to deal with an Anglo-Russian alliance, with Fox forced to agree that the King's belief was " but too well founded ".

* Curzon, Russia in Central Asia in 1889 and the Anglo-Russian Question, ( 1889 ) Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., London ( reprinted Cass, 1967 ), Adamant Media Corporation ISBN 978-1-4021-7543-5 ( 27 February 2001 ) Reprint ( Paperback ) Details

Sir Paul Vinogradoff (, transliterated: Pavel Gavrilovich Vinogradov ; 18 ( 30 ) November 1854, Kostroma, Russia – 19 December 1925, Paris, France ) was a highly reputable Anglo-Russian historian-medievalist.

The Anglo-Russian Convention was renounced by Russia and Britain jointly in 1921, but the McMahon Line was forgotten until 1935, when interest was revived by civil service officer Olaf Caroe.

The Labour Party intended to ratify an Anglo-Russian trade agreement, which would break the trade embargo on Russia.

In 1825 Russia and Britain signed a treaty to define the borders of their respective colonial possessions, the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825.

Napoleon not only cemented his control of Central Europe, but also had Russia and the truncated Prussia ally with him against his two remaining enemies, Great Britain and Sweden, triggering the Anglo-Russian and Finnish War.

Ineligible for military service in World War I because of poor eyesight, Walpole worked in Russia, first for the Red Cross, winning the Georgian Medal for rescuing a wounded soldier under fire, and later as head of the Anglo-Russian Propaganda Bureau during the Russian Revolution.

Like the ongoing Austro-Russian conflict, the Anglo-Russian relations too were strained at this point due to the gaining influence of Russia in the Balkans and their aims to open up the Straits of the Dardanelles which would threaten British colonial interests in the Middle East.

Great Britain and Russia had previously carved up Persia into two spheres of influence pursuant to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907.