During his time in office, he made a state visit to Poland in February 1930, where he met both President Ignacy Mościcki and Marshal Józef Piłsudski to form a Baltic Entente, that didn't however find Polish support.

He worked to establish the Baltic Entente and to normalize relations with Poland, with which there were no diplomatic relations since the Żeligowski's Mutiny in 1920.

The Soviet Union had been discontented with the Baltic states leaning toward Britain and France, the so-called Baltic Entente dating back to 1934, which could potentially be reoriented toward Germany, and considered it a violation of the mutual-assistance treaties of the autumn of 1939.

On June 16, Molotov presented similar ultimatums to Latvia and Estonia, citing Soviet concerns over the Baltic Entente, and they acceded as well.

In 1933, Päts also made a state visit to Latvia and the Baltic Entente between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania was signed in 1934 during his authoritarian regime.

It chose to join the Baltic Entente instead.

The Russian Empire, a member of the Entente, lost Congress Poland, Ukraine and the Baltic States at the end of the Great War.

In Latvia, Baltic Germans remained the most politically active and organized ethnic group, although they lost some influence after Karlis Ulmanis's coup in 1934.

In 1934 Barthou tried to create an Eastern Pact that should include Germany, Russia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the Baltic states on the basis of a guarantee by France of the European borders of the Soviet Union and the eastern borders of Germany by the Soviet Union.

A carefully prepared visit in August 1933 to the White Sea – Baltic Canal may have hidden the worst of the brutality from a group of 120 Russian writers and artists, the so-called Writers Brigade, including Maxim Gorky, Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Viktor Shklovsky, and Mikhail Zoshchenko, who compiled a work in praise of the project, the 600-page Stalin White Sea – Baltic Canal (), published at the end of 1934.

Antoine Meillet ( 1905, 1908, 1922, 1925, 1934 ), the distinguished French Indo-Europeanist, in reaction to a second simplified theory of Schleicher's, propounded a view according to which all similarities of Baltic and Slavic occurred accidentally, by independent parallel development, and that there was no Proto-Balto-Slavic language.

As a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact the Soviet Union advanced its borders westward by invading Poland and Finland in 1939, and annexing the Baltic States and Bessarabia in 1940.

In 1939 East Prussia had 2. 49 million inhabitants, 85 % of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300, 000-350, 000, and Lietuvininkai speaking Lithuanian ( Baltic ) in the northeast.

However, the Baltic Germans held citizenship of the Russian Empire until 1918 and Estonian or Latvian citizenship 1918 – 1939.

Baltic Germans look at their new home-" Reichsgau Wartheland | Warthegau " November 1939.

Several small treaties were signed with Estonia and Latvia in 1939 and 1940 concerning the emigration of Baltic Germans and the liquidation of their educational, cultural, and religious institutions.

By this time, the remaining Baltic Germans in Estonia and Latvia found themselves in a vastly different situation than in 1939.

The Soviet Union's advance into Poland and Germany in late 1944 and early 1945 resulted in the Baltic Germans being evacuated by the German authorities ( or simply fleeing ) from their " new homes " ( in which Hitler had resettled them in 1939 ) to areas even further in the west to escape the advancing Red Army.

Two books listing the names and personal data of all Baltic Germans who died as a result of the resettlements and wartime conditions between 1939 and 1947 have been published by the Baltic German genealogical society.

Nor does it cover the Soviet Union's 1939 attacks on Poland, Finland, the 1940 invasion of the Baltic states, or the 1941 invasion of Iran.

In The Races of Europe ( 1939 ) Coon classified Caucasoids into racial sub-groups named after regions or archaeological sites such as Brünn, Borreby, Alpine, Ladogan, East Baltic, Neo-Danubian, Lappish, Mediterranean, Atlanto-Mediterranean, Irano-Afghan, Nordic, Hallstatt, Keltic, Tronder, Dinaric, Noric and Armenoid.

By September 28, 1939, the three Baltic Republics felt they had no choice but to permit Soviet bases and troops on their territory.

), MA, Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919 – 1939, 1st Series, volume XI, Upper Silesia, Poland, and the Baltic States, January 1920 – March 1921, Her Majesty's Stationary Office ( HMSO ), London, 1961 ( amended edition 1974 ), ISBN 0-11-591511-7 *

The agreements permitted the Soviet Union to establish military bases on the Baltic states ' territory for the duration of the European war and to station 25, 000 Soviet soldiers in Estonia, 30, 000 in Latvia and 20, 000 in Lithuania from October 1939.

In September and October 1939, the Soviet government compelled the Baltic states to conclude mutual assistance pacts which gave it the right to establish Soviet military bases.

The Free City of Danzig (; ) was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig ( today Gdańsk ) and surrounding areas.

Between October and December 1939 nearly 60, 000 Volksdeutsche arrived in Germany from the Baltic states of Estonia and Latvia.

In the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 23, 1939, Germany agreed to allow the Soviet Union to annex the three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

The period of Soviet rule was profoundly traumatic for most people in the Baltic states and lands that had belonged to Poland until 1939 ; the population was brutalized and terrorized by the unwanted imposition of Soviet rule, and the existing, familiar structures of society were utterly destroyed.

It could be contended that the presence of a double standard with respect to Nazi and Soviet aggression existed in 1939 and 1940, when the Soviets attacked eastern part of Poland, and then the Baltic States, and then Finland, and yet the Western Allies failed to become active in the war.

Litvinov's demise as Soviet Foreign Minister in March 1939 signaled an increasing tension and danger for Finland and the Baltic countries, and indirectly for Sweden.

However the majority of the Baltic Germans had already been resettled in late 1939, prior to the occupation of Estonia and Latvia by the Soviet Union in June 1940.

In the aftermath of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, with the westward expansion of the USSR in 1939 and 1940, into Poland, the Baltic, and Bessarabia the decision was made to abandon the line in favour of constructing the so-called Molotov Line further west, along the new border of the USSR.

The Baltic states acceded to the Soviet demands and signed mutual assistance treaties on September 28, October 5, and October 10, 1939, respectively ( for ten years for Estonia and Latvia and fifteen years for Lithuania ).

A mosquito and a fly in this Baltic amber necklace are between 40 and 60 million years old

In a secret addition to the pact, the Baltic states, Finland, Romania, and Poland are divided between the two nations.

He was a key figure in the Danish policies of territorial expansion in the Baltic Sea, Europeanization in close relationship with the Holy See, and reform in the relation between the Church and the public.

Below 40 to 70 m, the salinity is between 10 and 15 ‰ in the open Baltic Sea, and more than this near Danish Straits.

Denmark supports a border halfway between the two countries ; Poland wants to be awarded an even greater share of the Baltic Sea.

* Eridanos ( geology ), a large river that flowed between forty million and seven hundred thousand years ago from Lapland to the North Sea through where the Baltic Sea is now

With the exception of Russia, all neighboring and Baltic states are members of the European Union or the Nordic Council, both of which free movement of persons and capital between the countries.

Waterways: 7, 500 km ( 1999 ); major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe ; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea, the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal links Rotterdam on the North Sea with the Black Sea.

After the Huns in the 4th century invaded the territories of the Gothic King Ermanaric, which at its peak stretched between the Danube and the Volga river, and from the Black to the Baltic Sea, thousands of Goths fled into the Balkans, defeating the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople and sacking Rome in 410, while thousands of Germans were crossing the Rhine.

The Goths are believed to have crossed the Baltic Sea sometime between the end of this period ( ca 300 BC ) and AD 100.

Noted for their laws, tolerance, and cosmopolitanism, the Khazars were the main commercial link between the Baltic and the Muslim Abbasid empire centered in Baghdad.

The location was favorable because there is a short portage of less than 15 km to the Treene River, which flows into the Eider with its North Sea estuary, making it a convenient place where goods and ships could be ported overland for an almost uninterrupted seaway between the Baltic and the North Sea and avoid a dangerous circumnavigation of Jutland.

Kashubian is assumed to have evolved from the language spoken by some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians, in the region of Pomerania, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers.

The first connection between the North and Baltic Seas was constructed while the area was ruled by Denmark-Norway.

However, the Kiel Canal was commenced in June 1887, which connected the North Sea with the Baltic through the Jutland peninsula, allowing German ships to travel between the two seas avoiding waters controlled by other countries.

Latvia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform, between Estonia and Lithuania.

The largest and most populous of the Baltic states, Lithuania has of sandy coastline which faces the open Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Poland.

Between 3000 – 2000 BC, the cord-ware culture people spread over a vast region of eastern Europe, between the Baltic Sea and the Vistula River in the West and the Moscow-Kursk line in the East.

The Council of the Baltic Sea States ( CBSS ) was established in 1992 in Copenhagen as an informal regional political forum, which main aim is to promote integration process and to affiliate close contacts between the countries of the region.

It has been hypothesized, but not proven, that waters of the Litorina Sea, the next brackish-water stage of the Baltic, occasionally invaded Ladoga between 7, 000 and 5, 000 BP.

The agreement formally set the border between Germany and the Soviet Union between the Igorka river and the Baltic Sea.

The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany .< ref > Kennan, George.